Chapter 19, Problem 17P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To predict: Effect of inhibitor of malate and α-ketoglutarate (n-butylmalonate) on a glycolysis.

Introduction:

Malate-aspartate shuttle is also known as malate-α-ketoglutarate transport system. This transport system is important because the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).

(b)

Summary Introduction

To predict: Effect of inhibitor of malate and α-ketoglutarate transport system (n-butylmalonate) on a oxygen consumption.

Introduction:

The electrons and protons from NADH are transferred to oxaloacetate which forms malate and NAD⁺. The transporter transport malate across the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it forms oxaloacetate and regenerate NADH.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To predict: Effect of inhibitor of malate and α-ketoglutarate transport system (n-butylmalonate) on lactate formation.

Introduction:

n-butylmalonate is a chemical compound which inhibits malate and α-ketoglutarate transport system. As a consequence of the blockage of transport system, the transfer of protons and electrons of NADH gets blocked.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To predict: Effect of inhibitor of malate and α-ketoglutarate transport system (n-butylmalonate) on ATP (adenosine triphosphate) synthesis.

Introduction:

The cells obtain energy in form of ATP by metabolizing carbohydrates, fats, lipids, and proteins. Majorly cells metabolize carbohydrates. Cells are able to carry out aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.