Effect of cancer-promoting mutations on activity of proteins encoded by proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. Concept introduction: Spontaneous or induced damage to cells causes mutations. The mutations in genes that regulate cell growth either inhibiting or promoting, result in abnormal uncontrolled growth. The accumulation of these mutations leads to cancer. On the basis of regulation, the genes are categorized as proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. Proto-oncogenes are normal growth promoting genes and their mutated forms causing tumor are oncogenes. Tumor-suppressor genes normally inhibit cell proliferation and tumor formation.

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18.5, Problem 1CC

Summary Introduction

To explain: Effect of cancer-promoting mutations on activity of proteins encoded by proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes.

Concept introduction:

Spontaneous or induced damage to cells causes mutations. The mutations in genes that regulate cell growth either inhibiting or promoting, result in abnormal uncontrolled growth. The accumulation of these mutations leads to cancer. On the basis of regulation, the genes are categorized as proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. Proto-oncogenes are normal growth promoting genes and their mutated forms causing tumor are oncogenes. Tumor-suppressor genes normally inhibit cell proliferation and tumor formation.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

7. Aerobic respiration of a protein that breaks down into 12 molecules of malic acid. Assume there is no other carbon source and no acetyl-CoA. NADH FADH2 OP ATP SLP ATP Total ATP Show your work using dimensional analysis here: 3

For each of the following problems calculate the following: (Week 6-3 Video with 6-1 and 6-2) Consult the total catabolic pathways on the last page as a reference for the following questions. A. How much NADH and FADH2 is produced and fed into the electron transport chain (If any)? B. How much ATP is made from oxidative phosphorylation (OP), if any? Feed the NADH and FADH2 into the electron transport chain: 3ATP/NADH, 2ATP/FADH2 C. How much ATP is made by substrate level phosphorylation (SLP)? D. How much total ATP is made? Add the SLP and OP together. 1. Aerobic respiration using 0.5 mole of glucose? NADH FADH2 OP ATP SLP ATP Total ATP Show your work using dimensional analysis here:

Aerobic respiration of one lipid molecule. The lipid is composed of one glycerol molecule connected to two fatty acid tails. One fatty acid is 12 carbons long and the other fatty acid is 18 carbons long in the figure below. Use the information below to determine how much ATP will be produced from the glycerol part of the lipid. Then, in part B, determine how much ATP is produced from the 2 fatty acids of the lipid. Finally put the NADH and ATP yields together from the glycerol and fatty acids (part A and B) to determine your total number of ATP produced per lipid. Assume no other carbon source is available. 18 carbons fatty acids 12 carbons glycerol . Glycerol is broken down to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, a glycolysis intermediate via the following pathway shown in the figure below. Notice this process costs one ATP but generates one FADH2. Continue generating ATP with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate using the standard pathway and aerobic respiration. glycerol glycerol-3- phosphate…