Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: It should be predicted that whether the given process is reversible or not.
Concept introduction: Reversible process are those process in which it is possible to return to the initial point, by the same path along which the change is carried out.
For a reversible process, the system should remain in equilibrium. However, spontaneous process involve non-equilibrium constants and are therefore irreversible.
For an irreversible process, the system can be brought to the initial point but there occurs a change in the surroundings.
(b)
Interpretation: It should be predicted that wheter the given process is reversible or not.
Concept introduction: Reversible process are those process in which it is possible to return to the initial point, by the same path along which the change is carried out.
For a reversible process, the system should remain in equilibrium. However, spontaneous process involves non-equilibrium constants and is therefore irreversible.
For an irreversible process, the system can be brought to the initial point but there occurs a change in the surroundings.
(c)
Interpretation: It should be predicted that wheter the given process is reversible or not.
Concept introduction: Reversible process are those process in which it is possible to return to the initial point, by the same path along which the change is carried out.
For a reversible process, the system should remain in equilibrium. However, spontaneous process involves non-equilibrium constants and is therefore irreversible.
For an irreversible process, the system can be brought to the initial point but there occurs a change in the surroundings.
(d)
Interpretation: It should be predicted that wheter the given process is reversible or not.
Concept introduction: Reversible process are those process in which it is possible to return to the initial point, by the same path along which the change is carried out.
For a reversible process, the system should remain in equilibrium. However, spontaneous process involves non-equilibrium constants and is therefore irreversible.
For an irreversible process, the system can be brought to the initial point but there occurs a change in the surroundings.

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Chapter 18 Solutions
Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity - AP Edition
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