Chapter 18, Problem 87P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relative acidities on the basis of ${\text{pK}}_{\text{a}}$ values of ortho, meta, and para substituted benzoic acid has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The ${\text{pK}}_{\text{a}}$ value tells about the amount of acid dissociate in the reaction.  If the ${\text{pK}}_{\text{a}}$ value is less, that means more of the acid will dissociate.  This means the given compound is stronger acid.  Whereas, the more value of ${\text{pK}}_{\text{a}}$ means the given compound is basic in nature.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relative acidities on the basis of ${\text{pK}}_{\text{a}}$ values of ortho, meta, and para substituted benzoic acid is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The ${\text{pK}}_{\text{a}}$ value tells about the amount of acid dissociate in the reaction.  If the ${\text{pK}}_{\text{a}}$ value is less, that means more of the acid will dissociate.  This means the given compound is stronger acid.  Whereas, the more value of ${\text{pK}}_{\text{a}}$ means the given compound is basic in nature.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relative acidities on the basis of ${\text{pK}}_{\text{a}}$ values of ortho, meta, and para substituted benzoic acid has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The ${\text{pK}}_{\text{a}}$ value tells about the amount of acid dissociate in the reaction.  If the ${\text{pK}}_{\text{a}}$ value is less, that means more of the acid will dissociate.  This means the given compound is stronger acid.  Whereas, the more value of ${\text{pK}}_{\text{a}}$ means the given compound is basic in nature.