Warm winds called Chinooks (a Native-American term meaning “snow eaters”) sometimes sweep across the plains just east of the Rocky Mountains. These winds carry air from high in the mountains down to the plains rapidly enough that the air has no time to exchange heat with its surroundings (Fig. 18.24). On a particular Chinook day, temperature and pressure high in the Colorado Rockies are 60 kPa and 260 K (−13°C), respectively; the plain below is at 90 kPa.
FIGURE 18.24 Chinooks (Passage Problems 80-83)
As the air descends, its volume
- a. increases by 50%.
- b. increases by less than 50%.
- c. decreases by 50%.
- d. decreases by less than 50%.
- e. is unchanged.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 18 Solutions
Essential University Physics (3rd Edition)
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Physics: Principles with Applications
Physics (5th Edition)
University Physics (14th Edition)
College Physics
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach, Vol. 1 (Chs 1-21) (4th Edition)
The Cosmic Perspective Fundamentals (2nd Edition)
- If the air temperature is 72°F at sea level, what is the temperature at the top of Pike's Peak (elevation 14,000 ft)? The answer must be in Fahrenheit.arrow_forwardPeople that live at high altitudes often notice that sealed bags of food are puffed up because the air inside has expanded since they were sealed at a lower altitude. In one example, a bag of potato chips was packed at a pressure of 1.00atm and a temperature of 20.5 degrees celcius. The bag was then transported to Santa Fe. The sealed bag of potato chips then finds its way to a summer picnic where the temperature is 31.6 degrees celcius, and the volume of air in the bag has increased to 1.4 times its original value. At the picnic in Santa Fe, what is the pressue, in atmospheres, of the air in the bag?arrow_forwardSuppose a strong wind is blowing toward Denver (elevation 1630 m) from Grays Peak (80 km west of Denver, at an elevation of 4350 m), where the air pressure is 5.60×104 Pa and the air temperature is -12.0 ∘C . The temperature and pressure in Denver before the wind arrives are 2.0 ∘C and 8.12×104Pa. By how many Celsius degrees will the temperature in Denver rise when the chinook arrives? During certain seasons strong winds called chinooks blow from the west across the eastern slopes of the Rockies and downhill into Denver and nearby areas. Although the mountains are cool, the wind in Denver is very hot; within a few minutes after the chinook wind arrives, the temperature can climb 20 ∘C ("chinook" is a Native American word meaning "snow eater"). Similar winds occur in the Alps (called foehns) and in southern California (called Santa Anas).arrow_forward
- An underground gasoline tank can hold 1.15 103 gallons of gasoline at 52.0°F. If the tank is being filled on a day when the outdoor temperature (and the gasoline in a tanker truck) is 96.0°F, how many gallons from the truck can be poured into the tank? Assume the temperature of the gasoline quickly cools from 96.0°F to 52.0°F upon entering the tank. (The coefficient of volume expansion for gasoline is 9.6 10-4 (°C)−1.)arrow_forwardOverall, 80% of the energy used by the body must be eliminated as excess thermal energy and needs to be dissipated. The mechanisms of elimination are radiation, evaporation of sweat (2,430 kJ/kg), evaporation from the lungs (38 kJ/h), conduction, and convection. A person working out in a gym has a metabolic rate of 2,500 kJ/h. His body temperature is 37°C, and the outside 5.6696 x 10-8 W/m2 · K4) temperature 22°C. Assume the skin has an area of 2.0 m2 and emissivity of 0.97. (o %D (a) At what rate is his excess thermal energy dissipated by radiation? (Enter your answer to at least one decimal place.) 136.7 Your response differs from the correct answer by more than 10%. Double check your calculations. W (b) If he eliminates 0.44 kg of perspiration during that hour, at what rate is thermal energy dissipated by evaporation of sweat? (Enter your answer to at least one decimal place.) W (c) At what rate is energy eliminated by evaporation from the lungs? (Enter your answer to at least one…arrow_forwardOn a certain day, the temperature is 25.0°C and the relative humidity is 78.0%. How many grams of water must condense out of each cubic meter of air if the temperature falls to 15.0°C? Such a drop in temperature can, thus, produce heavy dew or fog. Take the saturation vapor density at 25.0°C to be 23.0 g/m3 and at 15.0°C to be 12.8 g/m3arrow_forward
- At an altitude of 11,000 m (a typical cruising altitude for a jet airliner), the air temperature is -60.0 ∘C and the air density is 0.491 kg/m3. The molar mass of air is 28.8 g/mol. What is the pressure of the atmosphere at that altitude? (Note: The temperature at this altitude is not the same as at the surface of the earth, so the equation P=P0exp(−MgyRT) doesn't apply.)arrow_forwardIn 1992, a Danish study concluded that a standard toy balloon, made from latex and filled with helium, could rise to 10,000 m (where the pressure is 1/3 of that at sea level) in the atmosphere before bursting. In the study, a number of balloons were filled with helium, and then placed in a chamber maintained at −20°C. The pressure in the chamber was gradually reduced until the balloons exploded, and then the researchers determined the height above sea level corresponding to that pressure. Assume each balloon was filled with helium at +20°C and at about atmospheric pressure. Determine the balloon's volume just before it exploded, if its volume when it was first filled was 500 cm3.arrow_forwardSuppose a strong wind is blowing toward Denver (elevation 1630 m) from Grays Peak (80 km west of Denver, at an elevation of 4350 m), where the air pressure is 5.60×104 Pa and the air temperature is -10.0 ∘C . The temperature and pressure in Denver before the wind arrives are 2.0 ∘C and 8.12×104 Pa. By how many Celsius degrees will the temperature in Denver rise when the chinook arrives?arrow_forward
- (a) At what temperature does water boil at an altitude of 1500 m (about 5000 ft) on a day when atmospheric pressure is 8.59×104 N/m2 ? (b) What about at an altitude of 3000 m (about 10,000 ft) when atmospheric pressure is 7.00×104 N/m2 ?arrow_forwardA mountain hiker tightens the cap on a half-full plastic water bottle at a high altitude. The volume of air in the sealed bottle is 5 x 104 m°, the pressure is 64 kPa and the temperature is -8 °C. The hiker descends to a lower altitude where the pressure is 94.2 kPa and the temperature is 11 °C. What is the final volume of the sealed air inside the bottle? (this is what causes the plastic bottle to deform if you've ever experience this situation) MacBook Pro Q Search or enter website name #3 2$ 2 3 W E PRarrow_forwardAn underground gasoline tank can hold 1.06 103 gallons of gasoline at 52.0°F. If the tank is being filled on a day when the outdoor temperature (and the gasoline in a tanker truck) is 92.0°F, how many gallons from the truck can be poured into the tank? Assume the temperature of the gasoline quickly cools from 92.0°F to 52.0°F upon entering the tank. (The coefficient of volume expansion for gasoline is 9.6 10-4 (°C)−1.) ?galarrow_forward
- Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning