Chapter 18, Problem 7E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The approximate mass of alpha particle is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The sum of protons and neutrons is known as mass number. The mass number is represented by a symbol $\text{A}$ and it is always written as superscript. The isotopes of an element have different mass number.

Answer to Problem 7E

The mass of an alpha particle is $\text{4}\text{amu}$.

Explanation of Solution

Alpha particle is similar to the helium nucleus $\left(\text{H}\text{e}\right)$. It contains two protons and two neutrons. Alpha particles notation is denoted as a symbol $\left(\alpha \right)$. The penetrating power of alpha particles is very low that it can easily be protected by human skin. The mass of a helium atom is $\text{4}\text{amu}$. Therefore, the mass of an alpha particle is also $\text{4}\text{amu}$.

Conclusion

The approximate mass of an alpha particle $\left(\text{H}\text{e}\right)$ is $\text{4}\text{amu}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The approximate mass of a beta particle is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The sum of protons and neutrons is known as mass number. The mass number is represented by a symbol $\text{A}$ and it is always written as superscript. The isotopes of an element have a different mass number.

Answer to Problem 7E

The mass of a beta particle is $0\text{amu}$.

Explanation of Solution

A beta particle is similar to an electron $\left(\text{e}\right)$. The beta particle is represented by using a symbol $\left(\beta \right)$. The penetrating power of the beta particle is low. The mass number of an electron is $1/1836$ of the mass of proton that is approximately $0\text{amu}$. Therefore, the mass of a beta particle is also $0\text{amu}$

Conclusion

The approximate mass of a beta particle $\left(\text{e}\right)$ is $0\text{amu}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The approximate mass of gamma ray is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The sum of protons and neutrons is known as mass number. The mass number is represented by a symbol $\text{A}$ and it is always written as superscript. The isotopes of an element have a different mass number.

Answer to Problem 7E

The mass of gamma ray is $0\text{amu}$.

Explanation of Solution

Gamma ray is powerful radioactive radiation which has zero mass and zero charge. The symbol used to represent the gamma ray is $\left(\gamma \right)$. Gamma ray photon notation is denoted as $\left(\text{γ}\right)$. The penetrating power of gamma ray is very high that it can be protected by only thick lead coverings. The mass of gamma ray is $0\text{amu}$.

Conclusion

The approximate mass of gamma rays $\left(\text{γ}\right)$ is $0\text{amu}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The approximate mass of positron is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The sum of protons and neutrons is known as mass number. The mass number is represented by a symbol $\text{A}$ and it is always written as superscript. The isotopes of an element have a different mass number.

Answer to Problem 7E

The mass of positron is $0\text{amu}$.

Explanation of Solution

Positron is the opposite of electrons on the basis of charge. The mass on positron is zero but it contains one positive charge. The symbol used to represent positron is $\left({\beta }^{+}\right)$ The notation of positron is represented as $\left(e\right)$. Electron and positron collision lead to mutual destruction. As a result gamma rays are emitted. The mass of positron is $0\text{amu}$.

Conclusion

The approximate mass of positron $\left(e\right)$ is $0\text{amu}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The approximate mass of a neutron is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The sum of protons and neutrons is known as mass number. The mass number is represented by a symbol $\text{A}$ and it is always written as superscript. The isotopes of an element have a different mass number.

Answer to Problem 7E

The mass of a neutron is $1\text{amu}$.

Explanation of Solution

Neutrons are similar to protons on the basis of charge. The mass of neutron is approximately $\text{1}\text{amu}$ but it has no charge. The symbol used to represent neutron is $\left(n^0\right)$ The notation of neutron is denoted as $\left(n\right)$. The mass of a proton is approximately $1\text{amu}$. Therefore, the mass of a neutron is $1\text{amu}$.

Conclusion

The approximate mass of a neutron $\left(n\right)$ is $1\text{amu}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The approximate mass of a proton is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The sum of protons and neutrons is known as mass number. The mass number is represented by a symbol $\text{A}$ and it is always written as superscript. The isotopes of an element have a different mass number.

Answer to Problem 7E

The mass of a proton is $1\text{amu}$.

Explanation of Solution

Protons are the particles which have mass and charge equal to $1\text{amu}$. The proton carries one positive charge. The symbol used to represent proton is $\left({\text{p}}^{\text{+}}\right)$ The notation of proton is denoted as $\left(\text{H}\right)$. The mass of a proton is approximately $1\text{amu}$.

Conclusion

The approximate mass of a proton $\left(\text{H}\right)$ is $1\text{amu}$.