Chapter 1.8, Problem 73ES

The acidity of a substance is measured by its $\text{pH}$ value, which is defined by the formula $\text{pH}=-\log \left[H^{+}\right]$ where the symbol $\left[H^{+}\right]$ denotes the concentration of hydrogen ions measured in moles per liter. Distilled water has a $\text{pH}$ of $7;$ a substance is called acidic if it has $\text{pH}<7$ and basic if it has $\text{pH}>7$ . Find the pH of each of the following substances and state whether it is acidic or basic.