EBK PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780134296074
Author: GIANCOLI
Publisher: VST
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[11] An experimental balloon contains hydrogen gas (H2) at a temperature of 300 K and a pressure of 1
atm (1.01 X 10° N / m?). (a) Calculate the mean-free path of a hydrogen molecule. Assume that a H2
molecule is effectively spherical, with a mean diameter of 1.6 X 1010 m. (b) Calculate the available
volume per molecule (VI N), and find the average distance between each molecule and its nearest
neighboring molecule (approximately the cube root of the available volume). Which is larger, the mean
free path or the average nearest-neighbor distance between molecules? Exploring relationships
(II) Is a gas mostly empty space? Check by assuming that
the spatial extent of the gas molecules in air is about
lo = 0.3 nm so one gas molecule occupies an approximate
volume equal to l . Assume STP.
(II) Show that the rms speed of molecules in a gas is given
by vrms = V3P/p, where P is the pressure in the gas and
pis the gas density.
Chapter 18 Solutions
EBK PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS
Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 1AECh. 18.1 - Prob. 1BECh. 18.1 - Prob. 1CECh. 18.1 - Prob. 1DECh. 18.4 - Prob. 1EECh. 18 - Why doesnt the size of different molecules enter...Ch. 18 - When a gas is rapidly compressed (say, by pushing...Ch. 18 - In Section 181 we assumed the gas molecules made...Ch. 18 - Explain in words how Charless law follows from...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5Q
Ch. 18 - As you go higher in the Earths atmosphere, the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 7QCh. 18 - Explain why the peak of the curve for 310 K in...Ch. 18 - Is temperature a macroscopic or microscopic...Ch. 18 - Escape velocity for the Earth refers to the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 11QCh. 18 - If the pressure in a gas is doubled while its...Ch. 18 - What everyday observation would tell you that not...Ch. 18 - Alcohol evaporates more quickly than water at room...Ch. 18 - Explain why a hot humid day is far more...Ch. 18 - Is it possible to boil water at room temperature...Ch. 18 - What exactly does it mean when we say that oxygen...Ch. 18 - A length of thin wire is placed over a block of...Ch. 18 - Consider two days when the air temperature is the...Ch. 18 - (a) Why does food cook faster in a pressure...Ch. 18 - How do a gas and a vapor differ?Ch. 18 - (a) At suitable temperatures and pressures, can...Ch. 18 - Why does dry ice not last long at room...Ch. 18 - Under what conditions can liquid CO2 exist? Be...Ch. 18 - Why does exhaled air appear as a little white...Ch. 18 - Prob. 26QCh. 18 - Prob. 27QCh. 18 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 1PCh. 18 - Prob. 2PCh. 18 - Prob. 3PCh. 18 - Prob. 4PCh. 18 - Prob. 5PCh. 18 - Prob. 6PCh. 18 - (I) A 1.0-mol sample of hydrogen gas has a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8PCh. 18 - Prob. 9PCh. 18 - Prob. 10PCh. 18 - Prob. 11PCh. 18 - Prob. 12PCh. 18 - Prob. 13PCh. 18 - Prob. 14PCh. 18 - Prob. 15PCh. 18 - Prob. 16PCh. 18 - Prob. 17PCh. 18 - Prob. 18PCh. 18 - Prob. 19PCh. 18 - (I) A group of 25 particles have the following...Ch. 18 - Prob. 21PCh. 18 - Prob. 22PCh. 18 - Prob. 24PCh. 18 - (I) (a) At atmospheric pressure, in what phases...Ch. 18 - Prob. 26PCh. 18 - Prob. 27PCh. 18 - Prob. 28PCh. 18 - Prob. 29PCh. 18 - Prob. 30PCh. 18 - Prob. 31PCh. 18 - Prob. 32PCh. 18 - (II) A pressure cooker is a sealed pot designed to...Ch. 18 - Prob. 34PCh. 18 - Prob. 35PCh. 18 - Prob. 36PCh. 18 - Prob. 37PCh. 18 - Prob. 38PCh. 18 - Prob. 39PCh. 18 - Prob. 40PCh. 18 - Prob. 41PCh. 18 - Prob. 42PCh. 18 - Prob. 43PCh. 18 - Prob. 44PCh. 18 - Prob. 45PCh. 18 - Prob. 46PCh. 18 - Prob. 47PCh. 18 - Prob. 49PCh. 18 - Prob. 53PCh. 18 - A sample of ideal gas must contain at least N =...Ch. 18 - In outer space the density of matter is about one...Ch. 18 - Calculate approximately the total translational...Ch. 18 - (a) Estimate the rms speed of an amino acid, whose...Ch. 18 - The escape speed from the Earth is 1.12 104 m/s,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 63GPCh. 18 - Prob. 66GPCh. 18 - Prob. 69GPCh. 18 - Prob. 71GPCh. 18 - Prob. 72GPCh. 18 - Prob. 73GPCh. 18 - Prob. 74GPCh. 18 - Prob. 75GPCh. 18 - Prob. 76GPCh. 18 - Prob. 77GP
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- Assuming the human body is primarily made of water, estimate the number of molecules in it. (Note that water has a molecular mass of 18 g/mol and there are roughly 1024 atoms in a mole)arrow_forwardAn airtight dispenser for drinking water is 25 cm × 10 cm in horizontal dimensions and 20 cm tall. It has a tap of negligible volume that opens at the level of the bottom of the dispenser. Initially, it contains Water to a level 3.0 cm from the top and air at the ambient pressure, 1.00 atm, from there to the top. When the tap is opened, water will flow out until the gauge pressure at the bottom of dispenser, and thus at the opening of the tap, is 0. What volume of water flows out? Assume the temperature is constant, the dispenser is perfectly rigid, and the water has a constant density of 1000 kg/m3.arrow_forward(a) An ideal gas occupies a volume of 1.0 cm3 at 20°C and atmospheric pressure. Determine the number of molecules of gas in the container. (b) If the pressure of the 1.0-cmarrow_forward
- Assuming the human body is primarily made of water, estimate the number of molecules in it. (Note that water has a molecular mass of 18 g/mol and there are roughly 1024 atoms in a mole.)arrow_forwardConsider a given volume of helium gas at room temperature (20.0 °C). [Molar mass of helium is 4.00 × 10-³ kg mol−1] (i) Calculate the average speed of a molecule of the gas. Give your answer in scientific notation and specified to an appropriate number of significant figures, in the empty box below. = m s−1 (ii) At what temperature would the average translational energy of the gas be one third of the average translational energy at room temperature? Give your answer by entering numbers, specified to an appropriate number of significant figures, into the empty box below. temperature = Karrow_forward(1) Calculate the rms (root-mean-square) speed of hydrogen (H2), helium (He), and oxygen (O2) at room temperature. These speeds are very high. Evaluate these speeds against the escape velocity from the Earth, ~11.2 [km/s].arrow_forward
- (a) An ideal gas occupies a volume of 1.4 cm3 at 20°C and atmospheric pressure. Determine the number of molecules of gas in the container. (b) If the pressure of the 1.4-cm3 volume is reduced to 3.0 ✕ 10−11 Pa (an extremely good vacuum) while the temperature remains constant, how many moles of gas remain in the container? molarrow_forward(a) How many molecules are present in a sample of an ideal gas that occupies a volume of 3.00 cm³, is at a temperature of 20°C, and is at atmospheric pressure? molecules (b) How many molecules of the gas are present if the volume and temperature are the same as in part (a), but the pressure is now 2.40 x 10-11 Pa (an extremely good vacuum)? moleculesarrow_forward29) At pressures below about 20 atm, some gas mixtures obey the following equation of state, --—a_p-b_p², where a„ = Σya, and √√5 = ₁√₁. The molar volume of a mixture is i-1 =Ży,f(p.T.y.). V = RT P i-1 given by an expression of the form V = a) Derive the function f(p,T,y).arrow_forward
- (a) How many molecules are present in a sample of an ideal gas that occupies a volume of 2.30 cm3, is at a temperature of 20°C, and is at atmospheric pressure? molecules (b) How many molecules of the gas are present if the volume and temperature are the same as in part (a), but the pressure is now 1.30 ✕ 10−11 Pa (an extremely good vacuum)?arrow_forward(28) (a) How many molecules are there in 1L of air at a temperature of 27°C? (b) How many kilomoles of air are in that volume? (c) The best vacuum that can be produced corresponds to a pressure of about 10-16 atm. How many molecules remain in 1 L? (20) 11:arrow_forward(II) The rms speed of molecules in a gas at 20.0°C is to beincreased by 4.0%. To what temperature must it be raised?arrow_forward
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