Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042435
Author: Michael D. Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 18, Problem 3QC
Summary Introduction
To review:
The action a person should take with a mutated BRCA (breast cancer gene) gene.
Introduction:
Mutation refers to the change within the structure of the gene by addition, deletion, or alteration of other kinds. Mutation can lead to the formation of tumors in the body. Tumors are cells that divide uncontrollably. They become cancerous when they start invading other organs. This is when it becomes difficult to treat cancers. The most common type of cancers is of the lungs, liver, breasts, thyroid, prostate, and skin.
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19. On the diagram below
a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA.
b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing.
c. Add the following details to the diagram.
Promoter region
TATA box
Transcription start site
Transcription terminator
Intron (A,B,C,D)
Exons (1,2,3,4,5)
Splice sites
5' cap
5' UTR (untranslated region)
3' poly A tail
3' UTR (untranslated region)
Translational start (AUG)
Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA)
N and C ends of polypeptide
0000
Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter
labels are not used.
MNNNNNNIN
M
C
B
A
M
D
F
E
H
K
G
8
The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions.
1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction?
2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe:
a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why?
b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for?
3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale.
4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale.
Mutation 1
Mutation 2
Chapter 18 Solutions
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
Ch. 18 - Prob. 1QCCh. 18 - Prob. 2QCCh. 18 - Prob. 3QCCh. 18 - Compare and contrast a benign tumor and a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2CRCh. 18 - Prob. 3CRCh. 18 - Explain why we have not yet made much progress...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5CRCh. 18 - Prob. 6CRCh. 18 - Prob. 7CR
Ch. 18 -
8. Describe how tumors are diagnosed.
Ch. 18 - Prob. 9CRCh. 18 - Prob. 10CRCh. 18 - Prob. 1TYCh. 18 - Prob. 2TYCh. 18 - Prob. 3TYCh. 18 -
4. Which of the following statements regarding...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5TYCh. 18 - Prob. 6TYCh. 18 - Which of the following cancer treatments would be...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8TYCh. 18 - Prob. 9TYCh. 18 -
10. The ABCD rule refers to the evaluation of:
a....Ch. 18 - The most common cause(s) of cancer deaths in the...Ch. 18 - Which of the following statements about breast...Ch. 18 - Prob. 13TYCh. 18 - Prob. 14TYCh. 18 - Prob. 15TYCh. 18 -
1. Why do you suppose that the death rate from...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2AWKCh. 18 - Prob. 3AWKCh. 18 - Prob. 4AWKCh. 18 - Common therapies for cancer include chemotherapy...Ch. 18 - The first cancer that can be nearly completely...
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