Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781337571357
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 33P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The chemical equation for the formation of acetaminophen should be written.
Concept introduction:
Reaction of a phenol with an acetic anhydride in presence of acid catalyst gives an acetyl product. This reaction is known as acetylation.
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The analgesic acetaminophen is synthesized by treating 4-aminophenol with one equivalent of acetic anhydride. Draw a structural formula for acetaminophen.
What is the role of phenolphthalein in the neutralization reaction? Draw the structure of phenolphthalein under acidic and basic conditions.
Aspirin is the common name for the compound acetylsalicylic acid, widely used as a
fever reducer and as a pain killer. Salicylic acid, whose name comes from Salix, the
willow family of plants, was derived from willow bark extracts. In folk medicine, willow
bark teas were used as headache remedies and other tonics. Nowadays, salicylic acid
is administered in the form of aspirin which is less irritating to the stomach than salicylic
acid. To prepare aspirin, salicylic acid is reacted with an excess of acetic anhydride.
A small amount of a strong acid is used as a catalyst which speeds up the reaction. In
this experiment, phosphoric acid will be used as the catalyst. The excess acetic acid
will be quenched with the addition of water. The aspirin product is not very soluble in
water so the aspirin product will precipitate when water is added. The synthesis
reaction of aspirin is shown below:
Actic anhydride
5 ml.
Acetic acid
Salicylic acid
28
Acetylsalicylie acid
Procedure
1)
Mix salicylic…
Chapter 18 Solutions
Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 18.1QCCh. 18.4 - Problem 19-2 Complete the equation for each...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 18.3QCCh. 18 - Prob. 1PCh. 18 - Write the IUPAC name for each compound.Ch. 18 - Prob. 3PCh. 18 - Prob. 4PCh. 18 - Prob. 5PCh. 18 - Prob. 6PCh. 18 - 0 Complete the equations for these reactions.
Ch. 18 - Prob. 8PCh. 18 - Prob. 9PCh. 18 - Prob. 10PCh. 18 - Prob. 11PCh. 18 - Prob. 12PCh. 18 - 6 Why are Dacron and Mylar referred to as...Ch. 18 - 7 What type of structural feature do the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 15PCh. 18 - Prob. 16PCh. 18 - 0 Show how triphosphoric acid can form from three...Ch. 18 - 1 Write an equation for the hydrolysis of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 19PCh. 18 - (The Pyrethrins-Natural Insecticides of Plant...Ch. 18 - Prob. 21PCh. 18 - Prob. 22PCh. 18 - Prob. 23PCh. 18 - Prob. 24PCh. 18 - Prob. 25PCh. 18 - Prob. 26PCh. 18 - Prob. 27PCh. 18 - Prob. 28PCh. 18 - Prob. 29PCh. 18 - Prob. 30PCh. 18 - Prob. 31PCh. 18 - Prob. 32PCh. 18 - Prob. 33PCh. 18 - Prob. 34PCh. 18 - Prob. 35PCh. 18 - Prob. 36PCh. 18 - Prob. 37PCh. 18 - Prob. 38PCh. 18 - Prob. 39PCh. 18 - Prob. 40PCh. 18 - Prob. 41PCh. 18 - Prob. 42PCh. 18 - Prob. 43PCh. 18 - Prob. 44PCh. 18 - Prob. 45PCh. 18 - Prob. 46P
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- 18-31 Formic acid is one of the components responsible for the sting of biting ants and is injected under the skin by bee and wasp stings. The pain can be relieved by rubbing the area of the sting with a paste of baking soda (NaHCO3) and water, which neutralizes the acid. Write an equation for this reaction.arrow_forward17-35 Suppose that you take a bottle of benzaldehyde (a liquid, bp 179°C) from a shelf and find a white solid in the bottom of the bottle. The solid turns litmus red; that is, it is acidic. Yet aldehydes are neutral compounds. How can you explain these observations?arrow_forward18-28 Arrange these compounds in order of increasing acidity: benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, phenol.arrow_forward
- 17-28 Show how acetaldehyde can form hydrogen bonds with water.arrow_forwardWrite an equation for the acid-base reaction between 2,4-pentanedione and sodium ethoxide and calculate its equilibrium constant, Keq. The pKa of 2,4-pentanedione is 9; that of ethanol is 15.9.arrow_forward6. The reaction between aniline and nitrous acid at low temperature yields A) an N-nitroso amine B) a diazonium salt C) a nitrile D) an amine nitrite salt 7. An organic nitrogen compound, X, gives ammonia on warming with dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide, X could be A) ethanamide B) ethylamine C) phenylamine D) amino ethanoic acidarrow_forward
- b) Compounds in which the –OH of the carboxyl group is replaced by certain other groups are called carboxylic acid derivatives. The most important of which are acyl halides, acid anhydrides, esters and amides. Discuss the relationship between carboxylic acid, acid chloride and acid anhydridearrow_forwardThe Brønsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases is: Acids are proton donors, bases are proton acceptors Acids are nucleophiles and bases are electrophiles Acids are proton acceptors, bases are proton donors Carboxy groups are acids and amine groups are bases Carboxy groups are electrophiles and amine groups are nucelophilesarrow_forwardWrite out a chemical equation (draw bond-line structure) for the reaction between p-bromoaniline with hydrochloric acid. Show the mechanism using curved arrows AND identify the acid and base in the reactants.arrow_forward
- The purity of the aspirin sample is tested with iron (III) chloride. A purple color resulting from iron (III) chloride test indicates the aspirin sample contains some unreacted salicylic acid and the carboxylic acid group in salicylic acid gives a purple color. the structure of aspirin itself contains a phenolic -OH group. O the aspirin sample contains some unreacted salicylic acid and the phenolic -OH group in salicylic acid gives a purple color. the aspirin sample contains some unreacted salicylic acid and the ring structure in salicylic acid gives a purple color.arrow_forwardWhy is methyl salicylate so easily absorbed through the skin?arrow_forwardDescribe the chemical properties of acid chlorides.arrow_forward
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