EBK BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 8220101337627
Author: Maier
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 18, Problem 1CTS
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The better drink to eat during dehydration, tap water or electrolyte containing sports drink.
Introduction:
The water is an essential molecule for human body, it is essential for the cell functioning. The dehydration is the condition, in which the amount of the water in the body is reduced, due to the loss of the water and electrolyte.
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Describe why the concentration of water should be nearly the same inside the cell and in the extracellular fluid, at equilibrium.
The electrochemical gradient across membranes is important in
determining movement across membranes for a certain type(s) of
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Both anions and cations
Positively charged (cations)
Neutral/uncharged solutes
Negatively charged (anions)
Information: Osmotic pressure is the pressure that a solvent exerts against a semipermeable membrane, such as a cell membrane. The higher the solute concentration, the lower the osmotic pressure. Red blood cells have an osmotic pressure equal to that of a 0.90% (m/v) solution of sodium chloride and 5.0% (m/v) solution of dextrose. A solution that has a higher concentration that this is called hypertonic; one with a lower concentration is called hypotonic. Osmotic pressure is an important factor affecting cells. Osmoregulation is the homeostasis mechanism of an organism to reach balance in osmotic pressure.Hypertonicity is the presence of a solution that causes cells to shrink.Hypotonicity is the presence of a solution that causes cells to swell.Isotonicity is the presence of a solution that produces no change in cell volume.When a biological cell is in a hypotonic environment, the cell interior accumulates water, water flows across the cell membrane into the cell, causing it to…
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- Water intoxication is caused by Group of answer choices hypertonic intracellular fluid. hypotonic intracellular fluid. hypotonic extracellular fluid. isotonic intracellular fluid. hypertonic extracellular fluid.arrow_forwardThe net movement of potassium out of a cell (and sodium into a cell) occurs by: secondary active transport simple diffusion facilitated diffusion O primary active transportarrow_forwardDuring the study on Fluids, Electrolytes and Acid-Base Balance (Ch 26), we've looked at respiratory and renal acidosis/alkalosis concerns. The amount of CO2 and HCO3- in the blood triggers mechanisms to help balance blood pH so that the environment for normal biochemical reactions taking place in the body is present. The use of buffers helps to make sure that the body's environment is just right so that all internal functions are working. The kidneys do much more than help regulate the amount of CO2 and bicarbonate in the body. The Removal and Regulation functions of the kidneys includes electrolyte balance to make sure all organ systems can function. Below is a list of electrolytes regulated by the kidneys: Sodium - Na+ Potassium - K+ Phosphate - PO43- Chloride - Cl- Calcium - Ca2+ Magnesium- Mg2+ Conditions of excessive amounts or too little amounts create abnormalities. Some of these abnormalities (hyper- or hypo- conditions) can be life threatening. Directions for the…arrow_forward
- a cell produces acids during its normal activities, which are released into the external environment (such as a broth where the cell is located). However, the pH of the cell's external environment stays the same. This is possible because the environment has: O water O enzymes O bases O buffers saltsarrow_forward……..arrow_forwardHolding one's breath can result in an increase in CO₂(g) concentration in the blood. How would this affect the pH of the extracellular fluid? The pH increases. The pH decreases. The pH does not change appreciably.arrow_forward
- Contrast the energetic difference between the diffusion of an electrolyte versus a nonelectrolyte across the membranearrow_forwardAssume that water constitutes 60% of a person’s body weight. What fraction of a person’s body weight is due to extracellular body water?arrow_forwardWhich of the following accurately represents the general ionic concentrations we tend to observe in the extracellular space, relative to the cytosol? High Na, Ca. Low K, Cl. High Na, Cl. Low K, Ca. High Na, Ca, Cl. Low K. Low Na, Ca, Cl. High K.arrow_forward
- What general conclusion can you make concerning the movement of water? There is always a net movement of water by osmosis toward (a) an isotonic solution, (b) a hypotonic solution, or (c) a hypertonic solution.arrow_forward. Consider the following ion series:Mg2+ >Ca2+ >Na+ >K+ >Cl- >NO3-Ions to the left are more strongly hydrated than ions to theright. Indicate whether ions such as Mg2+ and Cl- wouldmove easily into the structured water that is associated withcellular macromolecules.arrow_forwardTo describe: The way in which water molecules are attracted to each other.arrow_forward
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