Concept explainers
Videos
Explain why the process of endosymbiosis can be viewed as both an ancient event and a more recent event. What advantages could endosymbiosis give to both the endosymbiont and the host?
To explain:
The ancient and recent views of endosymbiosis process and its advantages to both the endosymbiont and the host.
Concept introduction:
Endosymbiosis is a process in which two types of organisms co-exist symbiotically. Both the partners get mutual benefit from each other. Endosymbiosis hypothesis explains about the origin of mitochondria and chloroplast and also explains the evolution of eukaryotic cell from prokaryotes.
Explanation of Solution
Process of endosymbiosis can be viewed as an ancient and recent event. The origin and evolution of organelles like mitochondria and chloroplast account for the ancient view of endosymbiosis process. The process of primary endosymbiosis is responsible for development of chloroplast and mitochondria during the early time of eukaryotic evolution.
Recent scientific studies have also shown that many organisms like protists (nonphototrophic) engulf other protists which are phototrophic in nature. These engulfed photosynthetic protists carry out the process of photosynthesis in nonphototrophic members for a long time period. These studies account for recent view of endosymbiosis and show that endosymbiosis is an ongoing and recent event. Hence, endosymbiosis is a process which can be viewed as both an ancient and an advance recent event.
In the process of endosymbiosis, both partners get benefits from each other. This process is advantageous to both endosymbiont and host because nonphototrophic host acquire the ability to produce organic food after its association with phototrophic endosymbiont. In turn, phototrophic endosymbiont is benefitted by acquiring extra protection from the host. Hence, endosymbiosis is a process which is advantageous for both the partners.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
- Using quail and chick embryos, quail-specific antibody and fluorescent tissue-specific antibodies, design an experiment where you investigate the tissues the cranial neural crest can give rise to. What are four derivatives of the cranial neural crest that you expect to see in the resulting chimeric embryos?arrow_forwardDoes the neural crest have to undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition prior to migration through the developing embryo? Does the neural crest differentiate into different cell types based on their axial position along the anterior and posterior axis?arrow_forwardUsing quail and chicken embryos, what kind of experiment would you conduct to test if rib forming somites have their axial identity specified before segmentation? How do we know this phenotype is due to axial identity being specified before segmentation and not due to our experimental method?arrow_forward
- 8. Aerobic respiration of a 5 mM solution of tripeptide that is composed of the following three amino acids; alanine, leucine and isoleucine. Alanine breaks down to pyruvate, leucine breaks down to Acetyl-CoA and isoleucine breaks down to succinyl-CoA. Alanine NADH FADH2 OP ATP SLP ATP Total ATP Leucine Isoleucine Totals Show your work using dimensional analysis here: 4arrow_forward9. Aerobic respiration of one lipid molecule. The lipid is composed of one glycerol molecule connected to two fatty acid tails. One fatty acid is 12 carbons long and the other fatty acid is 18 carbons long in the figure below. Use the information below to determine how much ATP will be produced from the glycerol part of the lipid. Then, in part B, determine how much ATP is produced from the 2 fatty acids of the lipid. Finally put the NADH and ATP yields together from the glycerol and fatty acids (part A and B) to determine your total number of ATP produced per lipid. Assume no other carbon source is available. fatty acids glycerol 18 carbons 12 carbons 0=arrow_forwardinfluences of environment on the phenotype.arrow_forward
- What is the difference between codominance and phenotypic plasticity?arrow_forwardExplain the differences between polygeny and pleiotropy,arrow_forwardIf using animals in medical experiments could save human lives, is it ethical to do so? In your answer, apply at least one ethical theory in support of your position.arrow_forward
- You aim to test the hypothesis that the Tbx4 and Tbx5 genes inhibit each other's expression during limb development. With access to chicken embryos and viruses capable of overexpressing Tbx4 and Tbx5, describe an experiment to investigate whether these genes suppress each other's expression in the limb buds. What results would you expect if they do repress each other? What results would you expect if they do not repress each other?arrow_forwardYou decide to delete Fgf4 and Fgf8 specifically in the limb bud. Explain why you would not knock out these genes in the entire embryo instead.arrow_forwardYou implant an FGF10-coated bead into the anterior flank of a chicken embryo, directly below the level of the wing bud. What is the phenotype of the resulting ectopic limb? Briefly describe the expected expression domains of 1) Shh, 2) Tbx4, and 3) Tbx5 in the resulting ectopic limb bud.arrow_forward
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning