Concept explainers
To explain:
The groups of microbes which are most similar to prokaryotic cell and the related evidences which prove that these microbes are not prokaryotes.
Concept introduction:
All organisms are divided into prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are characterized by the absence of well defined nucleus which is not enclosed by nuclear membrane. Prokaryotes also lack membrane bound cell organelles. Members of parabasalids belong to Excavata group of protists and are anaerobes in nature. Microsporidia belongs to group of obligate parasitic
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 18 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
- Construct your own concept map using the following words as the concepts. Supply the linking words between each pair of concepts. (Make one concept map for prokaryotic microbes and another for eukaryotic microbes) PROKARYOTIC MICROBES: genus species serotype domain Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete EUKARYOTIC MICROBES: Golgi apparatus chloroplasts cytoplasm endospore ribosomes flagella nucleolusarrow_forwardWhat are the flaws ? Prokaryotes can live in many different environments. Anerobic organisms need oxygen to survive, while aerobic organisms can survive without oxygen. Autotrophs are organisms that can assemble high energy macromolecules for their energy. Chemotrophs are organisms that capture energy from light. Extremophiles are organisms that grow in extreme conditions like boiling water. Gram-positive bacteria have few layers of peptidoglycan, while gram-negative bacteria have many layers of peptidoglycan and are surrounded by an outer membrane. Harmful bacteria can cause illness like food poisoning. Helpful bacteria can be used in food production to make yogurt. The endosymbiotic theory states that some of the organelles in eukaryotes were once free living prokaryotes. This is supported by the mitochondria and cytoplasm since they have their own DNA and ribosomes. Harmful protists can cause diseases like malaria in humans and downy mildew in plants. Helpful protists can be…arrow_forwardIn the domain system of classification, prokaryotes are divided into two domains: Bacteria and Archaea. The two domains differ in all BUT one feature. Which feature do they have in common? Question options: They both have identical cell walls. They both have prokaryotic cells. They both thrive in extreme environments. They both are able to live only under anaerobic conditions.arrow_forward
- The microbes discovered in Lake Whillans and Pitch Lake represented a few of the general categories of microbial life. Drag the images and/or descriptions to their corresponding class to test your understanding of the main types of microbes. Used by humans in the production of some antibiotics Ciliate Prokaryotic organisms used in genetic engineering due to their simple genetic material Photosynthetic organisms that may be used to produce alternative fuels Require electron microscopy for visualization Spores Bacilli Cysts in tissue Photosynthefic Bacteria Protozoans Fungi Viruses Helminths Algae Source: CDC Source: CDC Source: National Human Genome Reasearch Institute Source:Dr. Libero ajello/CDC Resetarrow_forwardPart B: Observation of Prokaryotic Cells Because of the small size of prokaryotic cells, your observation will focus on distinguishing between cell shape and cell arrangement. Together, appearance and arrangement are used to characterize bacteria. Bacteria have three basic shapes (Figure 7.1): cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod), spirilla (spiral). Bacteria can also be differentiated based on their cell arrangement (Figure 7.1): diplo (pairs), strepto (chains), staphylo (clusters). Activity 2: Observe Prokaryotic Cell Specimen Refer to each photo and answer the question using the information provided in Figure 7.1 and Table 7.2 Domain= Coccus single chain pair tetrad 8 8 8 Bacillus single fusiform chain Spirillum Specimen = What identifying characteristics of this organ- ism helped you to determine its specimen's name? Domain= Specimen name= What identifying characteristics of this or- ganism helped you to determine its speci- men's name? CHayden-McNeil, LLC Domain= Figure 7.1. Bacterial…arrow_forwardMicrobiologists have announced the discovery of over 30 new species of bacteria that thrive between the teeth and gums of humans. The bacteria could not be grown in the researcher's laboratories, nor were any of them ever observed via and kind of microscopy. If they couldn't culture them or see them, how could the researchers know they discovered a new species? If they couldn't examine the cells for the presence of a nucleus, how did they determine that the organisms were prokaryotes and not eukaryotes?arrow_forward
- Below are three statements - two of which are truths and one is a lie. Which of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a. Although both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have a plasma membrane that protects them from their surrounding, many of the extremophiles are prokaryotic and only a few are eukaryotic. b. Despite different in appearance, nerve and muscles cell have the same genetic material and the same ability to produce electrochemical impulses. c. Although very few in numbers, there are special prokaryotes that have a membrane-bound nucleus.arrow_forwardIn the diagram below, identify the structures of a cyanobacterial cell based on the following descriptions: a) Outer cellular covering which includes: Mucilaginous layer – outermost layer covering the cell wall; protects the cell from harmful factors of the environment Cell wall – found just below the mucilaginous layer; 2 or 3-layered, the inner layer lies in between the outer wall layer and plasma membrane; the outer layer is made of peptidoglycan Innermost plasma membrane – selectively permeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm b) Cytoplasm – found below the plasma membrane; the protoplasm which contains structures of different shapes and functions. Lamellae, which contain pigments such as chlorophylls, carotenes, xanthophylls, phycoerythrin and phycocyanin, are located in the peripheral region of cytoplasm. Ribosomes may also be found scattered in the cytoplasm. c) Nucleic material – the nucleoplasm that is centrally located in the cell and contains chromatin in the form…arrow_forwardI am doing my microbiology homework and I need help with these questions: 1) List the structures ALL bacteria possess. 2) Identify three structures SOME but not all bacteria possess. 5) Describe the structure and function of three different structures found outside of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. 6) Differentiate between the two main types of bacterial envelope structures. 7) Why are Gram-positive cell walls stronger than Gram-negative cell walls? 8) Name a substance in the envelope of SOME bacteria that can cause severe symptoms in humans. 9) Describe the causes of sporogenesis and germination 10) Compare and contrast the major features of archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes by completing the table below. Characteristic Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Chromosome Type of Ribosomes Protein Synthesis Similar to Eukarya Sterols In Membrane Membrane-bound Organelles Peptidoglycan in Cell wallarrow_forward
- Why do some microbiologists disagree with classifying bacteria and archaea as “prokaryotes”?arrow_forward1. What component of bacterial cells helps to combat/regulate osmotic forces? 2. What are Koch’s postulates? What are they used for? 3. Explain the process of endospore formation in endospore-producing organisms. 4. What are the major components of the bacterial & eukaryotic cell? 5. What is/are a pilus/pili and what do microbes use them for? 6. What is the prokaryotic flagellum made up of?arrow_forwardWhat terms would describe a prokaryote that has is covered in a thick peptidoglycan layer, gets its energy from eating other prokaryotes, and does not need oxygen to survive? Aerobic Anaerobic Autotroph Heterotroph Extremophile Gram-positive Gram-negativearrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education