Chemistry (OER)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172616
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Chapter 18, Problem 18E
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16. Consider the probability distribution p(x) = ax", 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 for a positive integer n.
A. Derive an expression for the constant a, to normalize p(x).
B. Compute the average (x) as a function of n.
C. Compute σ2 = (x²) - (x)², the variance of x, as a function of n.
451. Use the diffusion model from lecture that showed the likelihood of mixing occurring in a
lattice model with eight lattice sites:
Case
Left
Right
A
B
C
Permeable Barrier →
and show that with 2V lattice sites on each side of the permeable barrier and a total of 2V white
particles and 2V black particles, that perfect de-mixing (all one color on each side of the barrier)
becomes increasingly unlikely as V increases.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Chemistry (OER)
Ch. 18 - How do alkali metals differ from alkaline each...Ch. 18 - Why does the reactivity of the alkali metals...Ch. 18 - Predict the formulas for the nine compounds that...Ch. 18 - Predict the best choice in each of the following....Ch. 18 - Sodium chloride and strontium chloride are both...Ch. 18 - The reaction of quicklime, CaO, with water...Ch. 18 - Write a balanced equation for the reaction of...Ch. 18 - How many moles of ionic species are present in 1.0...Ch. 18 - What is the mass of fish, in kilograms, that one...Ch. 18 - The elements sodium, aluminum, and chlorine are in...
Ch. 18 - Does metallic tin react with HCl?Ch. 18 - What is tin pest, also Known as tin disease?Ch. 18 - Compare the nature of the bonds in PbCl2 to that...Ch. 18 - Is the reaction of rubidium with water more or...Ch. 18 - Write an equation for the reduction of cesium...Ch. 18 - Why is it necessary to keep the chlorine and...Ch. 18 - Give balanced equations for the overall reaction...Ch. 18 - The electrolysis of molten sodium chloride or of...Ch. 18 - What mass, in grams, of hydrogen gas forms during...Ch. 18 - How many grams of oxygen gas are necessary to...Ch. 18 - Magnesium is an active metal; it bums in the form...Ch. 18 - Why is it possible for an active metal like...Ch. 18 - Describe the production of metallic aluminum by...Ch. 18 - What is the common are of tin and how is tin...Ch. 18 - A chemist dissolves a 1.497-g sample of a type of...Ch. 18 - Consider the production of 100 kg of sodium metal...Ch. 18 - What mass of magnesium forms when 100,000 A is...Ch. 18 - Give the hybridization of the metalloid and the...Ch. 18 - Write a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 18 - Describe the hybridization of boron and the...Ch. 18 - Using only the periodic table, write the complete...Ch. 18 - Write a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 18 - Describe the hybridization of silicon and the...Ch. 18 - Describe the hybridization and the bonding of a...Ch. 18 - Classify each of the following molecules as polar...Ch. 18 - Silicon reacts with sulfur at elevated...Ch. 18 - Name each of the fallowing compounds: (a) TeO2 (b)...Ch. 18 - Write a balanced equation for the reaction of...Ch. 18 - Why is boron limited to a maximum coordination...Ch. 18 - Write a formula for each of the following...Ch. 18 - From the data given in Appendix I, determine the...Ch. 18 - A hydride of silicon prepared by the reaction of...Ch. 18 - Suppose you discovered a diamond completely...Ch. 18 - Carbon forms a number of allotropes, two of which...Ch. 18 - Nitrogen in the atmosphere exists as very stable...Ch. 18 - Write balanced chemical equations for the reaction...Ch. 18 - Determine the oxidation number of each element in...Ch. 18 - Determine the oxidation state of sulfur in each of...Ch. 18 - Arrange the following in order of increasing...Ch. 18 - Why does white phosphorus consist of tetrahedral...Ch. 18 - Why does hydrogen- not exhibit an oxidation state...Ch. 18 - The reaction of calcium hydride, CaH2, with water...Ch. 18 - In drawing Lewis structures, we learn that a...Ch. 18 - What mass of CaH2 is necessary to react with water...Ch. 18 - What mass of hydrogen gas results from the...Ch. 18 - Carbon forms the CO32- ion, yet silicon does not...Ch. 18 - Complete and balance the following chemical...Ch. 18 - Heating a sample of Na2CO3xH2O weighing 4.640 g...Ch. 18 - Write the Lewis structures for each of the...Ch. 18 - For each of the following, indicate the...Ch. 18 - Explain how ammonia can function both as a...Ch. 18 - Determine the oxidation state of nitrogen in each...Ch. 18 - For each of the following draw the Lewis...Ch. 18 - How many grams of gaseous ammonia will the...Ch. 18 - Although PF5 and ASF5 are stable, nitrogen does...Ch. 18 - The equivalence point for the titration of a...Ch. 18 - Write the Lewis structure for each of the...Ch. 18 - Describe the molecular structure of each of the...Ch. 18 - Complete and balance each of the following...Ch. 18 - Describe the hybridization of phosphorus in each...Ch. 18 - What volume of 0.200 M NaOH is necessary to...Ch. 18 - How much POCl3 can form from 25.0 g of PCl5 and...Ch. 18 - How many tons of Ca3(PO4)2 are necessary to...Ch. 18 - Write equations showing the stepwise ionization of...Ch. 18 - Draw the Lewis structures and describe the...Ch. 18 - Why does phosphorous acid form only two series of...Ch. 18 - Assign an oxidation state to phosphorus in each of...Ch. 18 - Phosphoric acid, one of the acids used in some...Ch. 18 - Predict the product of burning francium in air.Ch. 18 - Using equations, describe the reaction of water...Ch. 18 - Write balanced chemical equations for the...Ch. 18 - Write balanced chemical equations for the...Ch. 18 - Illustrate the amphoteric nature of aluminum...Ch. 18 - Write balanced chemical equations for the...Ch. 18 - Write balanced chemical equations for the...Ch. 18 - What volume of 0.250 M H2SO4 solution is required...Ch. 18 - Which is the stronger acid, HClO4 or HBrO4? Why?Ch. 18 - Write a balanced chemical equation for the...Ch. 18 - Which is the stronger acid, H2SO4 or H2SeO4? Why?...Ch. 18 - Explain why hydrogen sulfide is a gas at room...Ch. 18 - Give the hybridization and oxidation state for...Ch. 18 - Which is the stronger acid, NaHSO3 or NaHSO4?Ch. 18 - Determine the oxidation state of sulfur in SF6,...Ch. 18 - Which is a stronger acid, sulfurous acid or...Ch. 18 - Oxygen forms double bonds in O2, but sulfur forms...Ch. 18 - Give the Lewis structure of each of the following:...Ch. 18 - Write two balanced chemical equations in which...Ch. 18 - Explain why sulfuric acid, H2SO4, which is a...Ch. 18 - How many grams of Epsom salts (MgSO47H2O) will...Ch. 18 - What does it mean to say that mercury (II) halides...Ch. 18 - Why is SnCl4 not classified as a salt?Ch. 18 - The following reactions are all similar to those...Ch. 18 - Which is the stronger acid, HClO3 or HBrO3? Why?Ch. 18 - What is the hybridization of iodine in IF3 and...Ch. 18 - Predict the molecular geometries and draw Lewis...Ch. 18 - Which halogen has the highest ionization energy?...Ch. 18 - Name each of the following compounds: (a) BrF3....Ch. 18 - Explain why, at room temperature, fluorine and...Ch. 18 - What is the oxidation state of the halogen in each...Ch. 18 - Physiological saline concentration—that is, the...Ch. 18 - Give the hybridization of xenon in each of the...Ch. 18 - What is the molecular structure of each of the...Ch. 18 - Indicate whether each of the following molecules...Ch. 18 - What is the oxidation state of the noble gas in...Ch. 18 - A mixture of xenon and ?uorine was heated. A...Ch. 18 - Basic solutions of Na4XeO6, are powerful oxidants....
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