General Chemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305859142
Author: Ebbing, Darrell D., Gammon, Steven D.
Publisher: Cengage Learning,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 18.95QP
For the reaction
ΔH° and ΔG° are negative and ΔS° is positive.
- a At equilibrium, will reactants or products predominate? Why?
- b Why must the reaction system be heated in order to produce copper(I) sulfide?
Expert Solution & Answer
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Draw the major substitution products you would expect for the reaction shown below. If substitution would not occur at a significant
rate under these conditions, check the box underneath the drawing area instead.
Be sure you use wedge and dash bonds where necessary, for example to distinguish between major products.
Note for advanced students: you can assume that the reaction mixture is heated mildly, somewhat above room temperature, but
strong heat or reflux is not used.
Cl
Substitution will not occur at a significant rate.
Explanation
Check
:☐
O-CH
+
Х
Click and drag to start
drawing a structure.
Draw the major substitution products you would expect for the reaction shown below. If substitution would not occur at a significant
rate under these conditions, check the box underneath the drawing area instead.
Be sure you use wedge and dash bonds where necessary, for example to distinguish between major products.
Note for advanced students: you can assume that the reaction mixture is heated mildly, somewhat above room temperature, but
strong heat or reflux is not used.
Cl
C
O Substitution will not occur at a significant rate.
Explanation
Check
+
O-CH3
Х
Click and drag to start
drawing a structure.
✓ aw the major substitution products you would expect for the reaction shown below. If substitution would not occur at a significant
rate under these conditions, check the box underneath the drawing area instead.
Be sure you use wedge and dash bonds where necessary, for example to distinguish between major products.
Note for advanced students: you can assume that the reaction mixture is heated mildly, somewhat above room temperature, but
strong heat or reflux is not used.
C
Cl
HO–CH
O Substitution will not occur at a significant rate.
Explanation
Check
-3
☐ :
+
D
Click and drag to start
drawing a structure.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
General Chemistry
Ch. 18.2 - You have a sample of 1.0 mg of solid iodine at...Ch. 18.2 - Liquid ethanol, C2H5OH(l), at 25C has an entropy...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 18.2ECh. 18.3 - Prob. 18.3ECh. 18.4 - Calculate G for the following reaction at 25C. Use...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 18.5ECh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.6ECh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.2CCCh. 18.6 - Give the expression for K for each of the...Ch. 18.6 - Use the data from Table 18.2 to obtain the...
Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 18.9ECh. 18.6 - Prob. 18.3CCCh. 18.7 - Consider the decomposition of dinitrogen...Ch. 18.7 - The thermodynamic equilibrium constant for the...Ch. 18.7 - To what temperature must magnesium carbonate be...Ch. 18 - What is a spontaneous process? Give three examples...Ch. 18 - Which contains greater entropy, a quantity of...Ch. 18 - State the second law of thermodynamics.Ch. 18 - The entropy change S for a phase transition equals...Ch. 18 - Describe how the standard entropy of hydrogen gas...Ch. 18 - Describe what you would look for in a reaction...Ch. 18 - Define the free energy G. How is G related to H...Ch. 18 - What is meant by the standard free-energy change G...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.9QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.10QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.11QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.12QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.13QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.14QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.15QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.16QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.17QPCh. 18 - You run a reaction that has a negative entropy...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.19QPCh. 18 - Given the following information at 25C, calculate...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.21QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.22QPCh. 18 - For each of the following statements, indicate...Ch. 18 - Which of the following are spontaneous processes?...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.25QPCh. 18 - Predict the sign of the entropy change for each of...Ch. 18 - Hypothetical elements A(g) and B(g) are introduced...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.28QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.29QPCh. 18 - Describe how you would expect the spontaneity (G)...Ch. 18 - Chloroform, CHCl3, is a solvent and has been used...Ch. 18 - Diethyl ether (known simply as ether), (C2H5)2O,...Ch. 18 - The enthalpy change when liquid methanol. CH3OH,...Ch. 18 - The heat of vaporization of carbon disulfide, CS2,...Ch. 18 - Predict the sign of S, if possible, for each of...Ch. 18 - Predict the sign of S, if possible, for each of...Ch. 18 - Calculate S for the following reactions, using...Ch. 18 - Calculate S for the following reactions, using...Ch. 18 - Calculate S for the reaction...Ch. 18 - What is the change in entropy, S, for the reaction...Ch. 18 - Using enthalpies of formation (Appendix C),...Ch. 18 - Using enthalpies of formation (Appendix C),...Ch. 18 - The free energy of formation of one mole of...Ch. 18 - The free energy of formation of one mole of...Ch. 18 - Calculate the standard free energy of the...Ch. 18 - Calculate the standard free energy of the...Ch. 18 - On the basis of G for each of the following...Ch. 18 - For each of the following reactions, state whether...Ch. 18 - Calculate H and G for the following reactions at...Ch. 18 - Calculate H and G for the following reactions at...Ch. 18 - Consider the reaction of 2 mol H2(g) at 25C and 1...Ch. 18 - Consider the reaction of 1 mol H2(g) at 25C and 1...Ch. 18 - What is the maximum work that could be obtained...Ch. 18 - What is the maximum work that could be obtained...Ch. 18 - Give the expression for the thermodynamic...Ch. 18 - Write the expression for the thermodynamic...Ch. 18 - What is the standard free-energy change G at 25C...Ch. 18 - What is the standard free-energy change G at 25C...Ch. 18 - Calculate the standard free-energy change and the...Ch. 18 - Calculate the standard free-energy change and the...Ch. 18 - Obtain the equilibrium constant Kc at 25C from the...Ch. 18 - Calculate the equilibrium constant Kc at 25C from...Ch. 18 - Use data given in Tables 6.2 and 18.1 to obtain...Ch. 18 - Use data given in Tables 6.2 and 18.1 to obtain...Ch. 18 - Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, can be prepared by...Ch. 18 - Oxygen was first prepared by heating mercury(II)...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.67QPCh. 18 - The combustion of acetylene, C2H2, is a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.69QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.70QPCh. 18 - Acetic acid, CH3COOH, freezes at 16.6C. The heat...Ch. 18 - Acetone, CH3COCH3, boils at 56C. The heat of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.73QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.74QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.75QPCh. 18 - Ethanol burns in air or oxygen according to the...Ch. 18 - Acetic acid in vinegar results from the bacterial...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.78QPCh. 18 - Is the following reaction spontaneous as written?...Ch. 18 - Is the following reaction spontaneous as written?...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.81QPCh. 18 - The reaction N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) is spontaneous at...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.83QPCh. 18 - Calculate G at 25C for the reaction...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.85QPCh. 18 - Consider the reaction CS2(g)+4H2(g)CH4(g)+2H2S(g)...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.87QPCh. 18 - a From a consideration of the following reactions,...Ch. 18 - For the reaction CH3OH(l)+32O2(g)2H2O(l)+CO2(g)...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.90QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.91QPCh. 18 - Tungsten is usually produced by the reduction of...Ch. 18 - For the decomposition of formic acid,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.94QPCh. 18 - For the reaction 2Cu(s)+S(s)Cu2S(s) H and G are...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.96QPCh. 18 - When 1.000 g of gaseous butane, C4H10, is burned...Ch. 18 - When 1.000 g of ethylene glycol, C2H6O2, is burned...Ch. 18 - a Calculate K1, at 25C for phosphoric acid:...Ch. 18 - a Calculate K1, at 25C for sulfurous acid:...Ch. 18 - The direct reaction of iron(III) oxide. Fe2O3, to...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.102QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.103QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.104QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.105QPCh. 18 - Cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate, CoCl26H2O, is a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.107QPCh. 18 - Hydrogen gas and iodine vapor react to produce...Ch. 18 - Silver carbonate, Ag2CO3, is a light yellow...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.110QPCh. 18 - Adenosine triphosphate, ATP, is used as a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.112QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.113QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.114QPCh. 18 - Sodium acetate crystallizes from a supersaturated...Ch. 18 - According to a source, lithium peroxide (Li2O2)...Ch. 18 - Tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride), CCl4,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.118QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.119QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.120QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.121QPCh. 18 - Coal is used as a fuel in some electric-generating...Ch. 18 - Hydrogen bromide dissociates into its gaseous...Ch. 18 - Hydrogen gas and iodine gas react to form hydrogen...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.125QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.126QPCh. 18 - Ka for acetic acid at 25.0C is 1754 105. At...Ch. 18 - Ksp for silver chloride at 25.0C is 1.782 1010....
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