The combustion of acetylene, C 2 H 2 , is a spontaneous reaction given by the equation 2 C 2 H 2 ( g ) + 5 O 2 ( g ) → 4 CO 2 ( g ) + 2 H 2 O ( l ) As expected for a combustion, the reaction is exothermic. What is the sign of Δ H °? What do you expect for the sign of Δ S° ? Explain the spontaneity of the reaction in terms of the enthalpy and entropy changes.
The combustion of acetylene, C 2 H 2 , is a spontaneous reaction given by the equation 2 C 2 H 2 ( g ) + 5 O 2 ( g ) → 4 CO 2 ( g ) + 2 H 2 O ( l ) As expected for a combustion, the reaction is exothermic. What is the sign of Δ H °? What do you expect for the sign of Δ S° ? Explain the spontaneity of the reaction in terms of the enthalpy and entropy changes.
Solution Summary: The author explains that the sign of entropy change and spontaneity of the given reaction has to be determined.
The combustion of acetylene, C2H2, is a spontaneous reaction given by the equation
2
C
2
H
2
(
g
)
+
5
O
2
(
g
)
→
4
CO
2
(
g
)
+
2
H
2
O
(
l
)
As expected for a combustion, the reaction is exothermic. What is the sign of ΔH°? What do you expect for the sign of ΔS°? Explain the spontaneity of the reaction in terms of the enthalpy and entropy changes.
What are the IUPAC Names of all the compounds in the picture?
1) a) Give the dominant Intermolecular Force (IMF) in a sample of each of the following
compounds. Please show your work. (8) SF2, CH,OH, C₂H₂
b) Based on your answers given above, list the compounds in order of their Boiling Point
from low to high. (8)
19.78 Write the products of the following sequences of reactions. Refer to your reaction road-
maps to see how the combined reactions allow you to "navigate" between the different
functional groups. Note that you will need your old Chapters 6-11 and Chapters 15-18
roadmaps along with your new Chapter 19 roadmap for these.
(a)
1. BHS
2. H₂O₂
3. H₂CrO4
4. SOCI₂
(b)
1. Cl₂/hv
2. KOLBU
3. H₂O, catalytic H₂SO4
4. H₂CrO4
Reaction
Roadmap
An alkene 5. EtOH
6.0.5 Equiv. NaOEt/EtOH
7. Mild H₂O
An alkane
1.0
2. (CH3)₂S
3. H₂CrO
(d)
(c)
4. Excess EtOH, catalytic H₂SO
OH
4. Mild H₂O*
5.0.5 Equiv. NaOEt/EtOH
An alkene 6. Mild H₂O*
A carboxylic
acid
7. Mild H₂O*
1. SOC₁₂
2. EtOH
3.0.5 Equiv. NaOEt/E:OH
5.1.0 Equiv. NaOEt
6.
NH₂
(e)
1. 0.5 Equiv. NaOEt/EtOH
2. Mild H₂O*
Br
(f)
i
H
An aldehyde
1. Catalytic NaOE/EtOH
2. H₂O*, heat
3. (CH,CH₂)₂Culi
4. Mild H₂O*
5.1.0 Equiv. LDA
Br
An ester
4. NaOH, H₂O
5. Mild H₂O*
6. Heat
7.
MgBr
8. Mild H₂O*
7. Mild H₂O+
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