(a) Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs on the ring without N atom for quinoline, but occurs on the ring with the N atom in indole is to be stated. Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 18, Problem 18.78P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs on the ring without N atom for quinoline, but occurs on the ring with the N atom in indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C8 than C7 in quinoline is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C3 rather than C2 of indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

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Part II. Identify whether the two protons in blue are homotopic, enantiopic, diasteriotopic, or heterotopic. a) HO b) Bri H HH c) d) H H H Br 0

None

Choose the option that is decreasing from biggest to smallest. Group of answer choices: 100 m, 10000 mm, 100 cm, 100000 um, 10000000 nm 10000000 nm, 100000 um, 100 cm, 10000 mm, 100 m 10000000 nm, 100000 um, 10000 mm, 100 cm, 100 m 100 m, 100 cm, 10000 mm, 100000 um, 10000000 nm

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.78P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs on the ring without N atom for quinoline, but occurs on the ring with the N atom in indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C8 than C7 in quinoline is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C3 rather than C2 of indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.78P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs on the ring without N atom for quinoline, but occurs on the ring with the N atom in indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C8 than C7 in quinoline is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C3 rather than C2 of indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.78P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs on the ring without N atom for quinoline, but occurs on the ring with the N atom in indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C8 than C7 in quinoline is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C3 rather than C2 of indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 18.78P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs on the ring without N atom for quinoline, but occurs on the ring with the N atom in indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C8 than C7 in quinoline is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C3 rather than C2 of indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 18.78P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs on the ring without N atom for quinoline, but occurs on the ring with the N atom in indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 18.78P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs on the ring without N atom for quinoline, but occurs on the ring with the N atom in indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C8 than C7 in quinoline is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C8 than C7 in quinoline is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C3 rather than C2 of indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C3 rather than C2 of indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Answer 12

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.1P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.2P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.3P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.4P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.5P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.6P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.7P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.8P Ch. 18 - Problem 18.9 Draw the product of each reaction a....Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that electrophilic substitution occurs on the ring without N atom for quinoline, but occurs in the resonance. The electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electron

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Chapter 18 Solutions