
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The products formed when given compound is treated with
Concept introduction: Benzene undergoes electrophile substitution. The kinetics of the electrophilic substitution reaction depends upon the nature of substituent present on the benzene ring. Electron releasing groups activates the ring towards the electrophilic substitution reaction while electron withdrawing groups deactivates the ring towards the electrophilic substitution reaction.

Answer to Problem 18.16P
The product formed by the reaction of given compound with
The reaction occurs slower because benzene ring contains deactivating group.
Explanation of Solution
Electron withdrawing groups deactivates the ring towards the electrophilic substitution reaction.
The substituent present in the given compound is electron withdrawing group. Thus, it directs the electrophile to meta position and deactivates the ring towards the electrophilic substitution reaction. Hence, the given compound reacts slower than benzene. The reaction is shown below.
Figure 1
The product formed by the reaction of given compound with
(b)
Interpretation: The products formed when given compound is treated with
Concept introduction: Benzene undergoes electrophile substitution. The kinetics of the electrophilic substitution reaction depends upon the nature of substituent present on the benzene ring. Electron releasing groups activates the ring towards the electrophilic substitution reaction while electron withdrawing groups deactivates the ring towards the electrophilic substitution reaction.

Answer to Problem 18.16P
The product formed by the reaction of given compound with
The reaction occurs slower because benzene ring contains deactivating group.
Explanation of Solution
Electron withdrawing groups deactivates the ring towards the electrophilic substitution reaction.
The substituent present in the given compound is electron withdrawing group. Thus it directs the electrophile to meta position and deactivates the ring towards the electrophilic substitution reaction. Hence, the given compound reacts slower than benzene. The reaction is shown below.
Figure 2
The product formed by the reaction of given compound with
(c)
Interpretation: The products formed when given compound is treated with
Concept introduction: Benzene undergoes electrophile substitution. The kinetics of the electrophile substitution reaction depends upon the nature of substituent present on the benzene ring. Electron releasing groups activates the ring towards the electrophilic substitution reaction while electron withdrawing groups deactivates the ring towards the electrophilic substitution reaction.

Answer to Problem 18.16P
The product formed by the reaction of given compound with
The reaction occurs faster because benzene ring contains activating group.
Explanation of Solution
Electron releasing group directs the electrophile to ortho and para position.
The substituent present in the given compound is electron donating group. Thus, it directs the electrophile to ortho and para position and activates the ring towards the electrophilic substitution reaction. Hence, the given compound reacts faster than benzene. The reaction is shown below.
Figure 3
The product formed by the reaction of given compound with
(d)
Interpretation: The products formed when given compound is treated with
Concept introduction: Benzene undergoes electrophile substitution. The kinetics of the electrophilic substitution reaction depends upon the nature of substituent present on the benzene ring. Electron releasing groups activates the ring towards the electrophilic substitution reaction while electron withdrawing groups deactivates the ring towards the electrophilic substitution reaction.

Answer to Problem 18.16P
The products formed by the reaction of given compound with
The reaction occurs slower benzene ring because benzene ring contains deactivating group.
Explanation of Solution
The substituent present in the given compound is
Among these two cases, mesomeric effect predominates over inductive effect. Hence, chlorine on benzene ring acts as releasing group but deactivates the benzene ring due to its
Thus, it directs the electrophile to ortho and para position and deactivates the ring towards the electrophilic substitution reaction. Hence, the given compound reacts slower than benzene. The reaction is shown below.
Figure 4
The product formed by the reaction of given compound with
(e)
Interpretation: The products formed when given compound is treated with
Concept introduction: Benzene undergoes electrophile substitution. The kinetics of the electrophile substitution reaction depends upon the nature of substituent present on the benzene ring. Electron releasing groups activates the ring towards the electrophilic substitution reaction while electron withdrawing groups deactivates the ring towards the electrophilic substitution reaction.

Answer to Problem 18.16P
The products formed by the reaction of given compound with
The reaction occurs higher because benzene ring contains activating group.
Explanation of Solution
Electron releasing group directs the electrophile to ortho and para positions.
The substituent present in the given compound is electron withdrawing group. Thus it directs the electrophile to ortho and para positions and activates the ring towards the electrophilic substitution reaction. Hence, the given compound reacts faster than benzene. The reaction is shown below.
Figure 5
The product formed by the reaction of given compound with
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Chapter 18 Solutions
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