1 Chemistry: The Study Of Change 2 Aroms, Molecules, And Ions 3 Mass Relationships In Chemical Reactions 4 Reactions In Aqueous Solutions 5 Gases 6 Thermochemistry 7 Quantum Theory And The Electronic Structure Of Atoms 8 Periodic Relationships Among The Elements 9 Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts 10 Chemical Bonding Ii: Molecular Geometry And Hybridization Of Atomic Orbitals 11 Intermolecular Forces And Liquids And Solids 12 Physical Properties Of Solutions 13 Chemical Kinetics 14 Chemical Equilibrium 15 Acids And Bases 16 Acid-base Equilibria And Solubility Equilibria 17 Entropy, Free Energy, And Equilibrium 18 Electrochemistry 19 Nuclear Chemistry 20 Chemistry In The Atmosphere 21 Metallurgy And The Chemistry Of Metals 22 Nonmetallic Elements And Their Compounds 23 Transition Metals Chemistry And Coordination Compounds 24 Organic Chemistry 25 Synthetic And Natural Organic Polymers expand_more
18.1 Redox Reactions 18.2 Galvanic Cells 18.3 Standard Reduction Potentials 18.4 Thermodynamics Of Redox Reactions 18.5 The Effect Of Concentration Of Cell Emf 18.6 Batteries 18.7 Corrosion 18.8 Electrolysis Chapter Questions expand_more
Problem 18.1QP: Balance the following redox equations by the ion-electron method: (a)... Problem 18.2QP: Balance the following redox equations by the ion-electron method: (a)... Problem 18.3QP: Define the following terms: anode, cathode, cell voltage, electromotive force, and standard... Problem 18.4QP: Describe the basic features of a galvanic cell. Why are the two components of the cell separated... Problem 18.5QP: What is the function of a salt bridge? What kind of electrolyte should be used in a salt bridge? Problem 18.6QP: What is a cell diagram? Write the cell diagram for a galvanic cell consisting of an Al electrode... Problem 18.7QP: What is the difference between the half-reactions discussed in redox processes in Chapter 4 and the... Problem 18.8QP Problem 18.9QP: Use the information in Table 2.1, and calculate the Faraday constant. Problem 18.10QP: Discuss the spontaneity of an electrochemical reaction in terms of its standard emf (Ecell). Problem 18.11QP: Calculate the standard emf of a cell that uses the Mg/Mg2+and Cu/Cu2+ half-cell reactions at 25C.... Problem 18.12QP: Calculate the standard emf of a cell that uses Ag/Ag+ and Al/Al3+ half-cell reactions. Write the... Problem 18.13QP: Predict whether Fe3+ can oxidize I to I2 under standard-state conditions. Problem 18.14QP: Which of the following reagents can oxidize H2O to O2(g) under standard-state conditions: H+(aq),... Problem 18.15QP: Consider the following half-reactions:... Problem 18.16QP: Predict whether the following reactions would occur spontaneously in aqueous solution at 25C. Assume... Problem 18.17QP: Which species in each pair is a better oxidizing agent under standard-state conditions: (a) Br2 or... Problem 18.18QP: Which species in each pair is a better reducing agent under standard-state conditions: (a) Na or Li?... Problem 18.19QP: Consider the electrochemical reaction Sn2+ + X Sn + X2+. Given that Ecell = 0.14 V, what is the E... Problem 18.20QP: The Ecell for the following cell is 1.54 V at 25C: U(s)U3+(aq)Ni2+(aq)Ni(s) Calculate the standard... Problem 18.21QP: Write the equations relating G and K to the standard emf of a cell. Define all the terms. Problem 18.22QP Problem 18.23QP Problem 18.24QP: The equilibrium constant for the reaction Sr(s)+Mg2+(aq)Sr2+(aq)+Mg(s) is 2.69 1012 at 25C.... Problem 18.25QP: Use the standard reduction potentials to find the equilibrium constant for each of the following... Problem 18.26QP: Calculate G and Kc for the following reactions at 25C: (a) Mg(s)+Pb2+(aq)Mg2+(aq)+Pb(s) (b)... Problem 18.27QP: Under standard-state conditions, what spontaneous reaction will occur in aqueous solution among the... Problem 18.28QP: Given that E = 0.52 V for the reduction Cu+(aq)+eCu(s) calculate E, G, and K for the following... Problem 18.29QP Problem 18.30QP: Write the Nernst equation for the following processes at some temperature T: (a) Mg(s) + Sn2+(aq) ... Problem 18.31QP: What is the potential of a cell made up of Zn/Zn2+ and Cu/Cu2+ half-cells at 25C if [Zn2+] = 0.25 M... Problem 18.32QP: Calculate E, E, and G for the following cell reactions. (a) Mg(s) + Sn2+(aq) Mg2+(aq) + Sn(s)... Problem 18.33QP: Calculate the standard potential of the cell consisting of the Zn/Zn2+ half-cell and the SHE. What... Problem 18.34QP Problem 18.35QP: Referring to the arrangement in Figure 18.1, calculate the [Cu2+]/[Zn2+] ratio at which the... Problem 18.36QP: Calculate the emf of the following concentration cell: Mg(s)Mg2+(0.24M)Mg2+(0.53M)Mg(s) Problem 18.37QP: Explain the differences between a primary galvanic cellone that is not rechargeableand a storage... Problem 18.38QP: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of fuel cells over conventional power plants in producing... Problem 18.39QP: The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is described in Section 18.6. (a) What volume of H2(g), stored at 25C... Problem 18.40QP: Calculate the standard emf of the propane fuel cell discussed in Section 18.6 at 25C, given that Gf... Problem 18.41QP Problem 18.42QP: Galvanized iron is steel sheet that has been coated with zinc; tin cans are made of steel sheet... Problem 18.43QP: Tarnished silver contains Ag2S. The tarnish can be removed by placing silverware in an aluminum pan... Problem 18.44QP Problem 18.45QP: What is the difference between a galvanic cell (such as a Daniell cell) and an electrolytic cell? Problem 18.46QP: Describe the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of KNO3. Problem 18.47QP: The half-reaction at an electrode is Mg2+(molten)+2eMg(s) Calculate the number of grams of magnesium... Problem 18.48QP: Consider the electrolysis of molten barium chloride, BaCl2. (a) Write the half-reactions. (b) How... Problem 18.49QP Problem 18.50QP: If the cost of electricity to produce magnesium by the electrolysis of molten magnesium chloride is... Problem 18.51QP: One of the half-reactions for the electrolysis of water is 2H2O(l)O2(g)+4H+(aq)+4e If 0.076 L of O2... Problem 18.52QP: How many moles of electrons are required to produce (a) 0.84 L of O2 at exactly 1 atm and 25C from... Problem 18.53QP: Calculate the amounts of Cu and Br2 produced in 1.0 h at inert electrodes in a solution of CuBr2 by... Problem 18.54QP: In the electrolysis of an aqueous AgNO3 solution, 0.67 g of Ag is deposited after a certain period... Problem 18.55QP: A steady current was passed through molten CoSO4 until 2.35 g of metallic cobalt was produced.... Problem 18.56QP: A constant electric current flows for 3.75 h through two electrolytic cells connected in series. One... Problem 18.57QP: What is the hourly production rate of chlorine gas (in kg) from an electrolytic cell using aqueous... Problem 18.58QP: Chromium plating is applied by electrolysis to objects suspended in a dichromate solution, according... Problem 18.59QP: The passage of a current of 0.750 A for 25.0 min deposited 0.369 g of copper from a CuSO4 solution.... Problem 18.60QP: A quantity of 0.300 g of copper was deposited from a CuSO4 solution by passing a current of 3.00 A... Problem 18.61QP: In a certain electrolysis experiment, 1.44 g of Ag were deposited in one cell (containing an aqueous... Problem 18.62QP: One of the half-reactions for the electrolysis of water is 2H+(aq)+2eH2(g) If 0.845 L of H2 is... Problem 18.63QP: A steady current of 10.0 A is passed through three electrolytic cells for 10.0 min. Calculate the... Problem 18.64QP: Industrially, copper metal can be purified electrolytically according to the following arrangement.... Problem 18.65QP: A Daniell cell consists of a zinc electrode in 1.00 L of 1.00 M ZnSO4 and a Cu electrode in 1.00 L... Problem 18.66QP: A concentration cell is constructed having Cu electrodes in two CuSO4 solutions A and B. At 25C, the... Problem 18.67QP: For each of the following redox reactions, (i) write the half-reactions, (ii) write a balanced... Problem 18.68QP: The oxidation of 25.0 mL of a solution containing Fe2+ requires 26.0 mL of 0.0250 M K2Cr2O7 in... Problem 18.69QP: The SO2 present in air is mainly responsible for the phenomenon of acid rain. The concentration of... Problem 18.70QP Problem 18.71QP Problem 18.72QP: Oxalic acid (H2C2O4) is present in many plants and vegetables. (a) Balance the following equation in... Problem 18.73QP Problem 18.74QP Problem 18.75QP: From the following information, calculate the solubility product of AgBr:... Problem 18.76QP: Consider a galvanic cell composed of the SHE and a half-cell using the reaction Ag+(aq) + e Ag(s).... Problem 18.77QP: A galvanic cell consists of a silver electrode in contact with 346 mL of 0.100 M AgNO3 solution and... Problem 18.78QP Problem 18.79QP: Calculate the emf of the following concentration cell at 25C: Cu(s)Cu2+(0.080M)Cu2+(1.2M)Cu(s) Problem 18.80QP Problem 18.81QP: Suppose you are asked to verify experimentally the electrode reactions shown in Example 18.8. In... Problem 18.82QP Problem 18.83QP: An aqueous KI solution to which a few drops of phenolphthalein have been added is electrolyzed using... Problem 18.84QP: A piece of magnesium metal weighing 1.56 g is placed in 100.0 mL of 0.100 M AgNO3 at 25C. Calculate... Problem 18.85QP Problem 18.86QP: An acidified solution was electrolyzed using copper electrodes. A constant current of 1.18 A caused... Problem 18.87QP: In a certain electrolysis experiment involving Al3+ ions, 60.2 g of Al is recovered when a current... Problem 18.88QP: Consider the oxidation of ammonia: 4NH3(g)+3O2(g)2N2(g)+6H2O(l) (a) Calculate the G for the... Problem 18.89QP: When an aqueous solution containing gold(III) salt is electrolyzed, metallic gold is deposited at... Problem 18.90QP: In an electrolysis experiment, a student passes the same quantity of electricity through two... Problem 18.91QP: People living in cold-climate countries where there is plenty of snow are advised not to heat their... Problem 18.92QP: Given that 2Hg2+(aq)+2eHg22+(aq)E=0.92VHg22+(aq)+2e2Hg(l)E=0.85V calculate G and K for the following... Problem 18.93QP: A galvanic cell with Ecell = 0.30 V can be constructed using an Fe electrode in a 1.0 M Fe(NO3)2... Problem 18.94QP: Shown here is a galvanic cell connected to an electrolytic cell. Label the electrodes (anodes and... Problem 18.95QP: Fluorine (F2) is obtained by the electrolysis of liquid hydrogen fluoride (HF) containing potassium... Problem 18.96QP: A 300-mL solution of NaCl was electrolyzed for 6.00 min. If the pH of the final solution was 12.24,... Problem 18.97QP: Industrially, copper is purified by electrolysis. The impure copper acts as the anode, and the... Problem 18.98QP: An aqueous solution of a platinum salt is electrolyzed at a current of 2.50 A for 2.00 h. As a... Problem 18.99QP: Consider a galvanic cell consisting of a magnesium electrode in contact with 1.0 M Mg(NO3)2 and a... Problem 18.100QP: A current of 6.00 A passes through an electrolytic cell containing dilute sulfuric acid for 3.40 h.... Problem 18.101QP Problem 18.102QP: Explain why most useful galvanic cells give voltages of no more than 1.5 to 2.5 V. What are the... Problem 18.103QP: The table here shows the standard reduction potentials of several half-reactions: Half-Reactions E... Problem 18.104QP: Consider a concentration cell made of the following two compartments: Cl2(0.20 atm)|Cl(1.0 M) and... Problem 18.105QP: A silver rod and a SHE are dipped into a saturated aqueous solution of silver oxalate, Ag2C2O4, at... Problem 18.106QP: Zinc is an amphoteric metal; that is, it reacts with both acids and bases. The standard reduction... Problem 18.107QP: Use the data in Table 18.1 to determine whether or not hydrogen peroxide will undergo... Problem 18.108QP: The magnitudes (but not the signs) of the standard reduction potentials of two metals X and Y are... Problem 18.109QP: A galvanic cell is constructed as follows. One half-cell consists of a platinum wire immersed in a... Problem 18.110QP: Given the standard reduction potential for Au3+ in Table 18.1 and Au+(aq)+eAu(s)E=1.69V answer the... Problem 18.111QP Problem 18.112QP: When 25.0 mL of a solution containing both Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions is titrated with 23.0 mL of 0.0200 M... Problem 18.113QP: Consider the Daniell cell in Figure 18.1. When viewed externally, the anode appears negative and the... Problem 18.114QP: Use the data in Table 18.1 to show that the decomposition of H2O2 (a disproportionation reaction) is... Problem 18.115QP: Consider two electrolytic cells A and B. Cell A contains a 0.20 M CoSO4 solution and platinum... Problem 18.116QP: A galvanic cell consists of a Mg electrode in a 1 M Mg(NO3)2 solution and another metal electrode X... Problem 18.117QP: The concentration of sulfuric acid in the lead-storage battery of an automobile over a period of... Problem 18.118QP: Consider a Daniell cell operating under nonstandard-state conditions. Suppose that the cells... Problem 18.119QP: An electrolysis cell was constructed similar to the one shown in Figure 18.18, except 0.1 M... Problem 18.120QP Problem 18.121QP Problem 18.122QP Problem 18.123QP: A piece of magnesium ribbon and a copper wire are partially immersed in a 0.1 M HCl solution in a... Problem 18.124QP: The zinc-air battery shows much promise for electric cars because it is lightweight and... Problem 18.125QP: Calculate E for the reactions of mercury with (a) 1 M HCl and (b) 1 M HNO3. Which acid will oxidize... Problem 18.126QP: Because all alkali metals react with water, it is not possible to measure the standard reduction... Problem 18.127QP: A galvanic cell using Mg/Mg2+ and Cu/Cu2+ half-cells operates under standard-state conditions at 25C... Problem 18.128QP: Given the following standard reduction potentials, calculate the ion-product, Kw, for water at 25C:... Problem 18.129QP: Compare the pros and cons of a fuel cell, such as the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, and a coal-fired... Problem 18.130QP: Lead storage batteries are rated by ampere hours, that is, the number of amperes they can deliver in... Problem 18.131QP: Use Equations (17.10) and (18.3) to calculate the emf values of the Daniell cell at 25C and 80C.... Problem 18.132QP: A construction company is installing an iron culvert (a long cylindrical tube) that is 40.0 m long... Problem 18.133QP: A 9.00 102-mL 0.200 M MgI2 was electrolyzed. As a result, hydrogen gas was generated at the cathode... Problem 18.134QP: Based on the following standard reduction potentials:... Problem 18.136QP: Calculate the equilibrium constant for the following reaction at 298 K: Zn(s)+Cu2+(aq)Zn2+(aq)+Cu(s) Problem 18.138QP: The nitrite ion (NO2) in soil is oxidized to nitrate ion (NO3) by the bacteria Nitrobacter agilis in... Problem 18.139QP: The diagram here shows an electrolytic cell consisting of a Co electrode in a 2.0 M Co(NO3)2... Problem 18.140QP: Fluorine is a highly reactive gas that attacks water to form HF and other products. Follow the... Problem 18.141QP: Show a sketch of a galvanic concentration cell. Each compartment consists of a Co electrode in a... Problem 18.142IME: The emf of galvanic cells varies with temperature (either increases or decreases). Starting with... Problem 18.143IME: A concentration cell ceases to operate when the concentrations of the two cell compartments are... Problem 18.144IME: It has been suggested that a car can be powered from the hydrogen generated by reacting aluminum... Problem 18.145IME: Estimate how long it would take to electroplate a teaspoon with silver from a solution of AgNO3,... Problem 18.146IME: The potential for a cell based on the standard hydrogen electrode and the half-reaction... format_list_bulleted