(a) Interpretation: The detailed mechanism for the given equation of cross aldol reaction using a weak base such as pyridine is to be drawn. Concept introduction: Like aldehyde or ketone , the diethyl malonate having α hydrogen can be converted to a good nucleophile by reacting it with a weak base. The diethyl malonate, in the presence of a base, undergoes deprotonation at the α carbon (the carbon between two carbonyl groups) and forms stabilized carbanion, which can be resonance stabilized by both carbonyl groups. The carbanion undergoes nucleophilic addition reaction with polar π bonds like aldehyde or ketone, similar to crossed aldol reaction.

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given equation of cross aldol reaction using a weak base such as pyridine is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Like aldehyde or ketone, the diethyl malonate having α hydrogen can be converted to a good nucleophile by reacting it with a weak base. The diethyl malonate, in the presence of a base, undergoes deprotonation at the α carbon (the carbon between two carbonyl groups) and forms stabilized carbanion, which can be resonance stabilized by both carbonyl groups. The carbanion undergoes nucleophilic addition reaction with polar π bonds like aldehyde or ketone, similar to crossed aldol reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Why a relatively weak base can be used in the given crossed aldol reaction of diethyl malonate it is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Like aldehyde or ketone, the diethyl malonate having α hydrogen can be converted to a good nucleophile by reacting it with a weak base. The diethyl malonate, in the presence of a base, undergoes deprotonation at the α carbon (the carbon between two carbonyl groups) and forms stabilized carbanion, which can be resonance stabilized by both carbonyl groups. The carbanion undergoes nucleophilic addition reaction with polar π bonds like aldehyde or ketone, similar to crossed aldol reaction.

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given equation of cross aldol reaction using a weak base such as pyridine is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Like aldehyde or ketone, the diethyl malonate having α hydrogen can be converted to a good nucleophile by reacting it with a weak base. The diethyl malonate, in the presence of a base, undergoes deprotonation at the α carbon (the carbon between two carbonyl groups) and forms stabilized carbanion, which can be resonance stabilized by both carbonyl groups. The carbanion undergoes nucleophilic addition reaction with polar π bonds like aldehyde or ketone, similar to crossed aldol reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Why a relatively weak base can be used in the given crossed aldol reaction of diethyl malonate it is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Like aldehyde or ketone, the diethyl malonate having α hydrogen can be converted to a good nucleophile by reacting it with a weak base. The diethyl malonate, in the presence of a base, undergoes deprotonation at the α carbon (the carbon between two carbonyl groups) and forms stabilized carbanion, which can be resonance stabilized by both carbonyl groups. The carbanion undergoes nucleophilic addition reaction with polar π bonds like aldehyde or ketone, similar to crossed aldol reaction.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given equation of cross aldol reaction using a weak base such as pyridine is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Like aldehyde or ketone, the diethyl malonate having α hydrogen can be converted to a good nucleophile by reacting it with a weak base. The diethyl malonate, in the presence of a base, undergoes deprotonation at the α carbon (the carbon between two carbonyl groups) and forms stabilized carbanion, which can be resonance stabilized by both carbonyl groups. The carbanion undergoes nucleophilic addition reaction with polar π bonds like aldehyde or ketone, similar to crossed aldol reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Why a relatively weak base can be used in the given crossed aldol reaction of diethyl malonate it is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Like aldehyde or ketone, the diethyl malonate having α hydrogen can be converted to a good nucleophile by reacting it with a weak base. The diethyl malonate, in the presence of a base, undergoes deprotonation at the α carbon (the carbon between two carbonyl groups) and forms stabilized carbanion, which can be resonance stabilized by both carbonyl groups. The carbanion undergoes nucleophilic addition reaction with polar π bonds like aldehyde or ketone, similar to crossed aldol reaction.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given equation of cross aldol reaction using a weak base such as pyridine is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Like aldehyde or ketone, the diethyl malonate having α hydrogen can be converted to a good nucleophile by reacting it with a weak base. The diethyl malonate, in the presence of a base, undergoes deprotonation at the α carbon (the carbon between two carbonyl groups) and forms stabilized carbanion, which can be resonance stabilized by both carbonyl groups. The carbanion undergoes nucleophilic addition reaction with polar π bonds like aldehyde or ketone, similar to crossed aldol reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Why a relatively weak base can be used in the given crossed aldol reaction of diethyl malonate it is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Like aldehyde or ketone, the diethyl malonate having α hydrogen can be converted to a good nucleophile by reacting it with a weak base. The diethyl malonate, in the presence of a base, undergoes deprotonation at the α carbon (the carbon between two carbonyl groups) and forms stabilized carbanion, which can be resonance stabilized by both carbonyl groups. The carbanion undergoes nucleophilic addition reaction with polar π bonds like aldehyde or ketone, similar to crossed aldol reaction.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 18.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given equation of cross aldol reaction using a weak base such as pyridine is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Like aldehyde or ketone, the diethyl malonate having α hydrogen can be converted to a good nucleophile by reacting it with a weak base. The diethyl malonate, in the presence of a base, undergoes deprotonation at the α carbon (the carbon between two carbonyl groups) and forms stabilized carbanion, which can be resonance stabilized by both carbonyl groups. The carbanion undergoes nucleophilic addition reaction with polar π bonds like aldehyde or ketone, similar to crossed aldol reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Why a relatively weak base can be used in the given crossed aldol reaction of diethyl malonate it is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Like aldehyde or ketone, the diethyl malonate having α hydrogen can be converted to a good nucleophile by reacting it with a weak base. The diethyl malonate, in the presence of a base, undergoes deprotonation at the α carbon (the carbon between two carbonyl groups) and forms stabilized carbanion, which can be resonance stabilized by both carbonyl groups. The carbanion undergoes nucleophilic addition reaction with polar π bonds like aldehyde or ketone, similar to crossed aldol reaction.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 18.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given equation of cross aldol reaction using a weak base such as pyridine is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Like aldehyde or ketone, the diethyl malonate having α hydrogen can be converted to a good nucleophile by reacting it with a weak base. The diethyl malonate, in the presence of a base, undergoes deprotonation at the α carbon (the carbon between two carbonyl groups) and forms stabilized carbanion, which can be resonance stabilized by both carbonyl groups. The carbanion undergoes nucleophilic addition reaction with polar π bonds like aldehyde or ketone, similar to crossed aldol reaction.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 18.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the given equation of cross aldol reaction using a weak base such as pyridine is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Like aldehyde or ketone, the diethyl malonate having α hydrogen can be converted to a good nucleophile by reacting it with a weak base. The diethyl malonate, in the presence of a base, undergoes deprotonation at the α carbon (the carbon between two carbonyl groups) and forms stabilized carbanion, which can be resonance stabilized by both carbonyl groups. The carbanion undergoes nucleophilic addition reaction with polar π bonds like aldehyde or ketone, similar to crossed aldol reaction.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Why a relatively weak base can be used in the given crossed aldol reaction of diethyl malonate it is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Like aldehyde or ketone, the diethyl malonate having α hydrogen can be converted to a good nucleophile by reacting it with a weak base. The diethyl malonate, in the presence of a base, undergoes deprotonation at the α carbon (the carbon between two carbonyl groups) and forms stabilized carbanion, which can be resonance stabilized by both carbonyl groups. The carbanion undergoes nucleophilic addition reaction with polar π bonds like aldehyde or ketone, similar to crossed aldol reaction.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Why a relatively weak base can be used in the given crossed aldol reaction of diethyl malonate it is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Like aldehyde or ketone, the diethyl malonate having α hydrogen can be converted to a good nucleophile by reacting it with a weak base. The diethyl malonate, in the presence of a base, undergoes deprotonation at the α carbon (the carbon between two carbonyl groups) and forms stabilized carbanion, which can be resonance stabilized by both carbonyl groups. The carbanion undergoes nucleophilic addition reaction with polar π bonds like aldehyde or ketone, similar to crossed aldol reaction.

Answer 10

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Answer 13

Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.1P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.2P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.3P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.4P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.5P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.6P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.7P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.8P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.9P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the mechanism of cross aldol reaction using a relatively weak base such as pyridine.

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