Chapter 18, Problem 18.44QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in the $\text{ΔG }$,$\Delta {\rm H}$ and $\Delta \text{S}$ has to be predicted for the given reactions.

Concept Introduction:

Thermodynamics is the branch of science that relates heat and energy in a system.  The four laws of thermodynamics explain the fundamental quantities such as temperature, energy and randomness in a system.  Entropy is the measure of randomness in a system.  For a spontaneous process there is always a positive change in entropy.  Free energy (Gibbs free energy) is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work.  The free energy is represented by the letter G.  All spontaneous process is associated with the decrease of free energy in the system.  Enthalpy is the heat energy absorbed or released from the system.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in the $\text{ΔG }$,$\Delta {\rm H}$ and $\Delta \text{S}$ has to be predicted for the given reactions.

Concept Introduction:

Thermodynamics is the branch of science that relates heat and energy in a system.  The four laws of thermodynamics explain the fundamental quantities such as temperature, energy and randomness in a system.  Entropy is the measure of randomness in a system.  For a spontaneous process there is always a positive change in entropy.  Free energy (Gibbs free energy) is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work.  The free energy is represented by the letter G.  All spontaneous process is associated with the decrease of free energy in the system.  Enthalpy is the heat energy absorbed or released from the system.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in the $\text{ΔG }$,$\Delta {\rm H}$ and $\Delta \text{S}$ has to be predicted for the given reactions.

Concept Introduction:

Thermodynamics is the branch of science that relates heat and energy in a system.  The four laws of thermodynamics explain the fundamental quantities such as temperature, energy and randomness in a system.  Entropy is the measure of randomness in a system.  For a spontaneous process there is always a positive change in entropy.  Free energy (Gibbs free energy) is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work.  The free energy is represented by the letter G.  All spontaneous process is associated with the decrease of free energy in the system.  Enthalpy is the heat energy absorbed or released from the system.