In which conditions a substance has standard entropy of zero and negative has to be determined. Concept Introduction: Spontaneous process: A process which is initiated by itself, without the help of external energy source is called spontaneous process. All spontaneous process is associated with the decrease in free energy in the system. First law of thermodynamics : According to first law, the total energy of the universe remains constant. Second law of thermodynamics: According to second law of thermodynamics, the entropy of the universe is the sum of the entropy of the system and the surroundings. For all spontaneous process the entropy of the universe increases.

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Chapter 18, Problem 18.53QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In which conditions a substance has standard entropy of zero and negative has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Spontaneous process: A process which is initiated by itself, without the help of external energy source is called spontaneous process. All spontaneous process is associated with the decrease in free energy in the system.

First law of thermodynamics: According to first law, the total energy of the universe remains constant.

Second law of thermodynamics: According to second law of thermodynamics, the entropy of the universe is the sum of the entropy of the system and the surroundings. For all spontaneous process the entropy of the universe increases.

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