Chapter 18, Problem 18.42P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagents and experimental conditions to carry out the synthesis of procaine from the given three compoubds has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Acid-catalyzed ring-opening of epoxide: The epoxide ring is protonated and the nucleophile attack depends on the electronic or steric effect (nature of epoxide).

Base catalyzed ring opening of epoxide:

The nucleophile will attack at the less substituted position under basic conditions and then the alkoxide ion gets proton from alcohol which form the product.