
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Concept Introduction:
The self-dissociation constant for water can be written as follows,
Where,
Also,
(a)

Explanation of Solution
Given,
The base dissociation reaction for quinine can be written as follows,
The reaction table for this reaction is shown below.
The base dissociation constant
Where,
On substituting these in the above equation x is obtained as follows,
x is obtained by solving the following quadratic equation.
(b)
Interpretation:
Less contribution of
Concept Introduction:
The self-dissociation constant for water can be written as follows,
Where,
Also,
(b)

Explanation of Solution
Given,
The base dissociation reaction for quinine can be written as follows,
The reaction table for this reaction is shown below.
The base dissociation constant
Where,
On substituting these in the above equation x is obtained as follows,
Assuming x is small compared to
Concentration of
(c)
Interpretation:
Concept Introduction:
The self-dissociation constant for water can be written as follows,
Where,
Also,
(c)

Explanation of Solution
The acid dissociation reaction for qunine can be written as follows,
The reaction table for this reaction is shown below.
From the reaction
Assume x is very much smaller than 0.33, so x can be neglected from the denominator. And x is obtained as follows,
(d)
Interpretation:
Concept Introduction:
Molarity of a solution can be calculated using the following equation.
And number of moles of solute can be calculated using the following equation.
Therefore molarity can be calculated as follows,
Where,
(d)

Explanation of Solution
Use
Given that 1.5% of
Molarity of a solution can be calculated using the following equation.
And number of moles of solute can be calculated using the following equation.
The acid dissociation reaction for quinine can be written as follows,
The reaction table for this reaction is shown below.
From the reaction
Assume x is very much smaller than
pH can be calculated using the following equation.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Loose Leaf for Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
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