Chapter 18, Problem 18.151P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A chemist makes four successive ten-fold dilutions of $\text{1}{\text{.0×10}}^{\text{-5}}\text{ M HCl}$.  The $\text{pH}$ of the original solution and of each diluted solution has to be calculated (through $\text{1}{\text{.0×10}}^{\text{-9}}\text{ M HCl}$).

Concept Introduction:

Molarity:

The number of moles of the substance per litre of liquid is said to be the molarity of the solution.

Molarity can be used to calculate the concentration of solutions.  The expression used is

  $\begin{array}{l}{\text{M}}_{\text{1}}{\text{V}}_{\text{1}}{\text{ = M}}_{\text{2}}{\text{V}}_{\text{2}}\\ \\ \text{where,}{\text{M}}_{\text{1}}\text{ = molarity of initial solution}\\ \\ {\text{M}}_{\text{2}}\text{ = molarity of diluted solution}\\ \\ {\text{V}}_{\text{1}}\text{ = volume of initial solution}\\ \\ {\text{V}}_{\text{2}}\text{ = volume of diluted solution}\end{array}$