Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 18, Problem 11PIAT
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The molecules control the light-producing gene of the bacteria, which is responsible for the illumination. The formation of the mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) from the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is known as the process of transcription.
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Certain mutations called amber in bacteria and viruses result in premature termination of polypeptide chains during translation. Many amber mutationshave been detected at different points along the gene thatcodes for a head protein in phage T4. How might this system be further investigated to demonstrate and support the concept ofcolinearity?
There is a group of six or so genes, called luxlux genes, whose gene products are necessary for light formation. Given that these bacterial genes are regulated together, propose a hypothesis for how the genes are organized and regulated.
Match the terms in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Terms can be used once, more than once, or not at all.
Terms: metaboliozed, density, quorum sensing, state, signal amplification, inhibit, activate, detected, secrete, transcrption initiation complex, consume, operon
Bacterial cells blank molecules that can be blank by other bacterial cells. Sensing the concentration of such signalling molecules allows bacteria to monitor the local blank of cells, a phenomenon called blank. There is a group of genes in the genome of the described bacterium, called luxgenes, which are organized in an blank. Reaching a certain concentration, molecules involved in this process blank the luxgenes. As a result, the…
Operons are clusters of genes that are regulated as a group. They can be
characterized as either repressible or inducible. What is the main difference
between the two? *
O An inducible operon is usually off while a repressible operon is usually on.
Binding to a repressor molecule turns repressible operons off and inducible operons
on.
Repressible operons turn off when the repressor is active while inducible operons turn
on when the repressor is active.
Inducible operons require a co-repressor to turn the operon off.
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- Why is it easier to identify spontaneous mutations in bacteria than in most eukaryotes? The mutations occur at a much higher frequency. Because bacteria have smaller genomes. The mutations can be induced via exposure to the bacteriophage. The mutations are expressed directly in descendant cells because bacteria are haploid. The mutations are visible as color changes within a bacterial colony.arrow_forwardYou and your fellow researchers want to make bacteria glow using a eukaryotic gene that results in bioluminescence. What factors should you consider when attempting to express eukaryotic genes in prokaryotic cells before designing your experiment?arrow_forwardThe protein Menchie is conserved from cats to humans. The region upstream of the menchie gene has three conserved sequences: region A, B, and C. Mutations were made in this upstream region by removing these regions or changing the orientation of these regions. Additionally, the coding sequence for Menchie was replaced with the coding sequence for green fluorescent protein (GFP; gene = gfp). GFP fluorescence was measured for each of the indicated constructs and the results are summarized. The arrow indicates the direction of transcription and where transcription starts (the +1 site). a. What is the purpose of replacing the coding sequence of Menchie with the coding sequence of GFP? b. Which region (A, B, or C) contains the promoter sequence? Briefly explain your answer, using at least two lines of evidence from the results shown; please use the #s to indicate the line of evidence you are describing.arrow_forward
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