Concept explainers
To discuss: The questions to ask Person JT about his food and fitness routine.
Introduction: Individuals who are older than 65 years are more vulnerable to diseases and infections due to a weaker immune system and changed
Explanation of Solution
Person JT is a 71-year-old retired computer company executive with height 5 ft 9 in and weight 235 lb at the time of annual checkup. He visits the health club irregularly, and his nutrition is based on microwave dinners or pizza and occasionally drinks beer at the bar. His wife died last year, and two years ago, he was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The doctor is concerned with his family’s history of heart diseases.
Since Person JT is 71-years old and having a family history of heart diseases, he is expected to maintain a healthy lifestyle. His condition of diabetes type 2 is kept under watch, and it has been two years. During these two years, his wife died, and his dietary plans have been disrupted. To assess his food and fitness routine, Person JT should be asked some questions regarding his food and fitness routine. The information to be obtained from Person JT is as follows:
- BMI is a general indicator of the overall health of a person, and any weight change during the last three months can be tracked and monitored.
- Daily dietary pattern can be used to assess his nutrient and energy intake and to determine if there are any unwanted nutrients in his diet.
- Stress levels have to be measured to know if there is any psychological or emotional stress. This check is necessary to conduct because the results highly influence the eating behavior of an individual and also negatively impact the fitness levels.
- Exercising, including the amount of time spent and the kind of physical activity undertaken, should be assessed for fitness check.
- Blood pressure, chest pain, or any irregularity in heartbeats observed during rest or any case of previous heart attack are to be known too, especially as his family had a history of heart disease.
- Blood sugar levels have to be taken care of, and it must be checked if he is regularly monitoring his blood sugar levels.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Nutrition Through The Life Cycle
- What are Bruces options at this point? Bruce and his parents moved to a semi-tropical region of the United States when he was about 3 years old. He loved to be outside year-round and swim, surf, snorkel, and play baseball. Bruce was fair-skinned, and in his childhood years, was sunburned quite often. In his teen years, he began using sunscreens, and although he never tanned very much, he did not have the painful sunburns of his younger years. After graduation from the local community college, Bruce wanted an outdoor job and was hired at a dive shop. He took people out to one of the local reefs to snorkel and scuba dive. He didnt give a second thought to sun exposure because he used sunscreen. His employer did not provide health insurance, so Bruce did not go for annual checkups, and tried to stay in good health. In his late 20s, Bruce was injured trying to keep a tourist from getting caught between the dive boat and the dock. He went to an internist, who treated his injury and told Bruce he was going to give him a complete physical exam. During the exam, the internist noticed a discolored patch of skin on Bruces back. She told him that she suspected Bruce had skin cancer and referred him to a dermatologist, who biopsied the patch. At a follow-up visit, Bruce was told that he had melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer. Further testing revealed that the melanoma had spread to his liver and his lungs. The dermatologist explained that treatment options at this stage are limited. The drugs available for chemotherapy have only temporary effects, and surgery is not effective for melanoma at this stage. The dermatologist recommended that Bruce consider entering a clinical trial that was testing a DNA vaccine for melanoma treatment. These vaccines deliver DNA encoding a gene expressed by the cancer cells to the immune system. This primes the immune system to respond by producing large quantities of antibodies that destroy melanoma cells wherever they occur in the body. A clinical trial using one such DNA vaccine was being conducted at a nearby medical center, and Bruce decided to participate. At the study clinic, Bruce learned that he would be in a Phase Ill trial, comparing the DNA vaccine against the standard treatment, which is chemotherapy, and that he would be randomly assigned to receive either the DNA vaccine or the chemotherapy. He was disappointed to learn this. He thought he would be receiving the DNA vaccine.arrow_forwardDiscuss why obesity is a growing epidemic.arrow_forward
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