Mathematics for Machine Technology
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781133281450
Author: John C. Peterson, Robert D. Smith
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 10A
Express the following ratios in lowest fractional form.
10.
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7. [10 marks]
Let G
=
(V,E) be a 3-connected graph. We prove that for every x, y, z Є V, there is a
cycle in G on which x, y, and z all lie.
(a) First prove that there are two internally disjoint xy-paths Po and P₁.
(b) If z is on either Po or P₁, then combining Po and P₁ produces a cycle on which
x, y, and z all lie. So assume that z is not on Po and not on P₁. Now prove that
there are three paths Qo, Q1, and Q2 such that:
⚫each Qi starts at z;
• each Qi ends at a vertex w; that is on Po or on P₁, where wo, w₁, and w₂ are
distinct;
the paths Qo, Q1, Q2 are disjoint from each other (except at the start vertex
2) and are disjoint from the paths Po and P₁ (except at the end vertices wo,
W1, and w₂).
(c) Use paths Po, P₁, Qo, Q1, and Q2 to prove that there is a cycle on which x, y, and
z all lie. (To do this, notice that two of the w; must be on the same Pj.)
6. [10 marks]
Let T be a tree with n ≥ 2 vertices and leaves. Let BL(T) denote the block graph of
T.
(a) How many vertices does BL(T) have?
(b) How many edges does BL(T) have?
Prove that your answers are correct.
4. [10 marks]
Find both a matching of maximum size and a vertex cover of minimum size in
the following bipartite graph. Prove that your answer is correct.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Mathematics for Machine Technology
Ch. 18 - Use a decimal equivalents table to find the...Ch. 18 - Compute (27.52.5+4.36)21.75 . Express the result...Ch. 18 - A cylinder has a volume, V, of 32.85 mm3. Use the...Ch. 18 - The volume V of a cube is V=s3 , where s is the...Ch. 18 - Multiply 15.328.75 .Ch. 18 - Express the decimal fraction 0.4275 as a common...Ch. 18 - Prob. 7ACh. 18 - Express the following ratios in lowest fractional...Ch. 18 - Prob. 9ACh. 18 - Express the following ratios in lowest fractional...
Ch. 18 - Prob. 11ACh. 18 - Prob. 12ACh. 18 - Prob. 13ACh. 18 - Express the following ratios in lowest fractional...Ch. 18 - Prob. 15ACh. 18 - Express the following ratios in lowest fractional...Ch. 18 - Prob. 17ACh. 18 - Prob. 18ACh. 18 - Prob. 19ACh. 18 - In Figure 18-8, gear A is turning at 120...Ch. 18 - Solve for the unknown value in each of the...Ch. 18 - Solve for the unknown value in each of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 23ACh. 18 - Prob. 24ACh. 18 - Prob. 25ACh. 18 - Prob. 26ACh. 18 - Prob. 27ACh. 18 - Solve for the unknown value in each of the...Ch. 18 - Solve for the unknown value in each of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 30ACh. 18 - Prob. 31ACh. 18 - Prob. 32ACh. 18 - Prob. 33ACh. 18 - Prob. 34ACh. 18 - Prob. 35ACh. 18 - Prob. 36ACh. 18 - Prob. 37ACh. 18 - Prob. 38ACh. 18 - Prob. 39ACh. 18 - Prob. 40ACh. 18 - Prob. 41ACh. 18 - Prob. 42ACh. 18 - Prob. 43ACh. 18 - Prob. 44ACh. 18 - Prob. 45ACh. 18 - Prob. 46ACh. 18 - Prob. 47ACh. 18 - A drawing has a scale of 14=3 . Determine the...
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- 5. [10 marks] Let G = (V,E) be a graph, and let X C V be a set of vertices. Prove that if |S||N(S)\X for every SCX, then G contains a matching M that matches every vertex of X (i.e., such that every x X is an end of an edge in M).arrow_forwardQ/show that 2" +4 has a removable discontinuity at Z=2i Z(≥2-21)arrow_forwardRefer to page 100 for problems on graph theory and linear algebra. Instructions: • Analyze the adjacency matrix of a given graph to find its eigenvalues and eigenvectors. • Interpret the eigenvalues in the context of graph properties like connectivity or clustering. Discuss applications of spectral graph theory in network analysis. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS3IZ9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forward
- Refer to page 110 for problems on optimization. Instructions: Given a loss function, analyze its critical points to identify minima and maxima. • Discuss the role of gradient descent in finding the optimal solution. . Compare convex and non-convex functions and their implications for optimization. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qo Hazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 140 for problems on infinite sets. Instructions: • Compare the cardinalities of given sets and classify them as finite, countable, or uncountable. • Prove or disprove the equivalence of two sets using bijections. • Discuss the implications of Cantor's theorem on real-world computation. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 120 for problems on numerical computation. Instructions: • Analyze the sources of error in a given numerical method (e.g., round-off, truncation). • Compute the error bounds for approximating the solution of an equation. • Discuss strategies to minimize error in iterative methods like Newton-Raphson. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qo Hazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forward
- Refer to page 145 for problems on constrained optimization. Instructions: • Solve an optimization problem with constraints using the method of Lagrange multipliers. • • Interpret the significance of the Lagrange multipliers in the given context. Discuss the applications of this method in machine learning or operations research. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qo Hazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardGive an example of a graph with at least 3 vertices that has exactly 2 automorphisms(one of which is necessarily the identity automorphism). Prove that your example iscorrect.arrow_forward3. [10 marks] Let Go (Vo, Eo) and G₁ = (V1, E1) be two graphs that ⚫ have at least 2 vertices each, ⚫are disjoint (i.e., Von V₁ = 0), ⚫ and are both Eulerian. Consider connecting Go and G₁ by adding a set of new edges F, where each new edge has one end in Vo and the other end in V₁. (a) Is it possible to add a set of edges F of the form (x, y) with x € Vo and y = V₁ so that the resulting graph (VUV₁, Eo UE₁ UF) is Eulerian? (b) If so, what is the size of the smallest possible F? Prove that your answers are correct.arrow_forward
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