Chapter 17.6, Problem 18PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Efficient synthesis for the given transformation has to be proposed.

Concept Introduction:

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant.

First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$

Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.

In a reaction, $NBS$ (N-bromo succinimde) is used to introduce bromide ion in a compound

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Efficient synthesis for the given transformation has to be proposed.

Concept Introduction:

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed.

E2 mechanism depends on both base and substituents in the reaction.

Elimination reaction of an alkyl halide results in the formation of an alkene.

Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.

In a reaction, $NBS$ (N-bromo succinimde) is used to introduce bromide ion in a compound

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Efficient synthesis for the given transformation has to be proposed.

Concept Introduction:

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

Structure of the substrate plays major role in the reactivity of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction. If the substrate is more substituted then the rate of the reaction will becomes slower. Since the mechanism of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction proceeds through backside attack on the substrate, it depends on steric factor that if more groups attached near the leaving group the reactivity becomes slower.

Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.

In a reaction, $NBS$ (N-bromo succinimde) is used to introduce bromide ion in a compound

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Efficient synthesis for the given transformation has to be proposed.

Concept Introduction:

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant.

First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$

Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.

In a reaction, $NBS$ (N-bromo succinimde) is used to introduce bromide ion in a compound

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Efficient synthesis for the given transformation has to be proposed.

Concept Introduction:

Ozonolysis:

Alkene reacts with ozone which cleaves the double bond followed by work up with dimethyl sulfide forms ketone.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed.

E2 mechanism depends on both base and substituents in the reaction.

Elimination reaction of an alkyl halide results in the formation of an alkene.

Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.

In a reaction, $NBS$ (N-bromo succinimde) is used to introduce bromide ion in a compound

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Efficient synthesis for the given transformation has to be proposed.

Concept Introduction:

Ozonolysis:

Alkene reacts with ozone which cleaves the double bond followed by work up with dimethyl sulfide forms ketone.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed.

E2 mechanism depends on both base and substituents in the reaction.

Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.

In a reaction, $NBS$ (N-bromo succinimde) is used to introduce bromide ion in a compound

The Grignard reaction:

Alkyl, vinyl, or aryl-magnesium halides ($\text{RMgX}$) is called as Grignard reagent.

Grignard reagent is reaction with carbonyl compound such as aldehyde or ketone, produces corresponding alcohol is the product and it is the one of the carbon – carbon bond forming reaction.