Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified.
Concept introduction:
Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,
Nomenclature of
- Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.
- Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.
- Replace the –e in the
alkane name with –oic acid.
Naming of compounds with two
If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.
R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog) rules.
The CIP rules are as follows:
Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing
If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.
(b)
Interpretation: The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified.
Concept introduction:
Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,
Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:
- Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.
- Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.
- Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid. If two or more carboxylic functional groups are present in the same compound then its number should be taken in to consideration and the prefix di, tri, tetra.. must be used.
Naming of compounds with two functional groups;
If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.
E-Z designators are used as like cis-trans terminology for non-similar groups attached
In E-Z designations, the groups attached to vinylic positions are checked by their priority on the basis of higher molecular weight. If the higher priority groups are on the same sides, then the configuration is designated as Z. If the higher priority groups are on the opposite sides, then the configuration is designated as E.
(c)
Interpretation: The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified.
Concept introduction:
Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,
Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:
- Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.
- Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.
- Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid.
Naming of compounds with two functional groups;
If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.
R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog) rules.
The CIP rules are as follows:
Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.
If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.
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Chapter 17 Solutions
EP ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-OWL V2 ACCESS
- 16-54 Several poisonous plants, including Atropa belladonna, contain the alkaloid atropine. The name “belladonna” (which means “beautiful lady”) probably comes from the fact that Roman women used extracts from this plant to make themselves more attractive. Atropine is widely used by ophthal mologists and optometrists to dilate the pupils for eye examination. Classify the amino group in atropine as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Locate all stereocenters in atropine. Account for the fact that atropine is almost insoluble in water (1 g in 455 mL of cold water) but atropine hydrogen sulfate is very soluble (1 g in 5 mL of cold water). Account for the fact that a dilute aqueous solution of atropine is basic (pH approximately 10.0).arrow_forward18-18 Propanoic acid and methyl acetate are constitutional isomers, and both are liquids at room temperature. One of these compounds has a boiling point of 141°C; the other has a boiling point of 57°C. Which compound has which boiling point? Explain.arrow_forwardDraw structural formulas for the following entities. a. Propanoate ion b. Sodium propanoate c. Acetate ion d. Sodium acetatearrow_forward
- Aldehydes and ketones react with one molecule of an alcohol to form compounds called hemiacetals, in which there is one hydroxyl group and one ether-like group. Reaction of a hemiacetal with a second molecule of alcohol gives an acetal and a molecule of water. We study this reaction in Chapter 16. Draw structural formulas for the hemiacetal and acetal formed from these reagents. The stoichiometry of each reaction is given in the problem.arrow_forward18-41 Complete these examples of Fischer esterification. In each case, assume an excess of the alcohol.arrow_forwardMany insects utilize cyclic ketal structures as pheromones such as the structure shown below. The biosynthetic pathway involves the cyclization of this acetal from the straight chain structure. Draw the straight chain structure that could be used to form this acetal. Use wedges and dashes to correctly depict the stereochemistry. H3C- >arrow_forward
- What is the IUPAC name for CH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH3CH2CH2CH2OH? 5-pentanal pentanal 3-butanol 1-butanol 5-pentanol 1-pentanolarrow_forward1. What is the role of the acetic acid in the oxidation of Cyclohexanol to Cyclohexanone? Write the balanced chemical reaction between acetic acid and sodium hypochlorite.2. How do you neutralize the acetic acid regenerated in the reaction? Write the balanced chemical reaction.arrow_forwardPlease help, with some explanation.arrow_forward
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