If you calculate a value for ∆ G ° for a reaction using the values of Δ G f ∘ in Appendix 4 and get a negative number, is it correct to say that the reaction is always spontaneous? Why or why not? Free energy changes also depend on concentration. For gases, how is G related to the pressure of the gas? What are standard pressures for gases and standard concentrations for solutes? How do you calculate ∆ G for a reaction at nonstandard conditions? The equation to determine ∆G at nonstandard conditions has Q in it: What is Q ? A reaction is spontaneous as long as ∆ G is negative; that is, reactions always proceed as long as the products have a lower free energy than the reactants. What is so special about equilibrium? Why don’t reactions move away from equilibrium?
If you calculate a value for ∆ G ° for a reaction using the values of Δ G f ∘ in Appendix 4 and get a negative number, is it correct to say that the reaction is always spontaneous? Why or why not? Free energy changes also depend on concentration. For gases, how is G related to the pressure of the gas? What are standard pressures for gases and standard concentrations for solutes? How do you calculate ∆ G for a reaction at nonstandard conditions? The equation to determine ∆G at nonstandard conditions has Q in it: What is Q ? A reaction is spontaneous as long as ∆ G is negative; that is, reactions always proceed as long as the products have a lower free energy than the reactants. What is so special about equilibrium? Why don’t reactions move away from equilibrium?
Solution Summary: The author explains that thermodynamics is associated with heat, temperature, and its relation with energy and work. It helps predict whether a process will take place or not.
If you calculate a value for ∆G° for a reaction using the values of
Δ
G
f
∘
in Appendix 4 and get a negative number, is it correct to say that the reaction is always spontaneous? Why or why not? Free energy changes also depend on concentration. For gases, how is G related to the pressure of the gas? What are standard pressures for gases and standard concentrations for solutes? How do you calculate ∆G for a reaction at nonstandard conditions? The equation to determine ∆G at nonstandard conditions has Q in it: What is Q? A reaction is spontaneous as long as ∆G is negative; that is, reactions always proceed as long as the products have a lower free energy than the reactants. What is so special about equilibrium? Why don’t reactions move away from equilibrium?
A mixture of 0.568 M H₂O, 0.438 M Cl₂O, and 0.710 M HClO are enclosed in a vessel at 25 °C.
H₂O(g) + C₁₂O(g) = 2 HOCl(g)
K = 0.0900 at 25°C
с
Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of each gas at 25 °C.
[H₂O]=
[C₁₂O]=
[HOCI]=
M
Σ
M
What units (if any) does the response factor (K) have? Does the response factor (K) depend upon how the concentration is expressed (e.g. molarity, ppm, ppb, etc.)?
Provide the structure, circle or draw, of the monomeric unit found in the biological polymeric
materials given below.
HO
OH
amylose
OH
OH
행
3
HO
cellulose
OH
OH
OH
Ho
HO
Chapter 17 Solutions
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