The one equivalent of the malonic ester reacted with one equivalent of 1 , 5 − dibromopentane and two equivalents of base has to be predicted formed the unknown carboxylic acid . Concept introduction: In first case, base initiates the reaction by abstraction of a proton from the malonic ester. Enolate anion is formed which attacks 1 , 5 − dibromopentane . The second equivalent of base abstracts a proton from the intermediate compound and a nucleophilic center is generated. The nucleophilic carbon attacks another end of 1 , 5 − dibromopentane and a cyclic compound is formed. On hydrolysis and heating, the carboxylic acid is formed. In second case, base initiates the reaction by abstraction of a proton from the malonic ester. Enolate anion is formed which attacks 1 , 5 − dibromopentane . The second equivalent of base abstracts a proton from the second equivalent of malonic ester and a nucleophilic center is generated. The nucleophilic carbon attacks the previously formed compound. On hydrolysis and heating, the carboxylic acid is formed.

Question

Dr. Mendel asked his BIOL 260 class what their height was and what their parent's heights were. He plotted that data in the graph below to determine if height was a heritable trait. A. Is height a heritable trait? If yes, what is the heritability value? (2 pts) B. If the phenotypic variation is 30, what is the variation due to additive alleles? (2 pts) Offspring Height (Inches) 75 67.5 60 52.5 y = 0.9264x + 4.8519 55 60 65 MidParent Height (Inches) 70 75 12pt v V Paragraph B IUA > AT2 v V

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 17, Problem 71P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The one equivalent of the malonic ester reacted with one equivalent of 1,5−dibromopentane and two equivalents of base has to be predicted formed the unknown carboxylic acid.

Concept introduction:

In first case, base initiates the reaction by abstraction of a proton from the malonic ester. Enolate anion is formed which attacks 1,5−dibromopentane. The second equivalent of base abstracts a proton from the intermediate compound and a nucleophilic center is generated. The nucleophilic carbon attacks another end of 1,5−dibromopentane and a cyclic compound is formed. On hydrolysis and heating, the carboxylic acid is formed.

In second case, base initiates the reaction by abstraction of a proton from the malonic ester. Enolate anion is formed which attacks 1,5−dibromopentane. The second equivalent of base abstracts a proton from the second equivalent of malonic ester and a nucleophilic center is generated. The nucleophilic carbon attacks the previously formed compound. On hydrolysis and heating, the carboxylic acid is formed.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The one equivalent of the malonic ester reacted with one equivalent of 1,5−dibromopentane and two equivalents of base has to be predicted formed the unknown carboxylic acid.

Concept introduction:

In first case, base initiates the reaction by abstraction of a proton from the malonic ester. Enolate anion is formed which attacks 1,5−dibromopentane. The second equivalent of base abstracts a proton from the intermediate compound and a nucleophilic center is generated. The nucleophilic carbon attacks another end of 1,5−dibromopentane and a cyclic compound is formed. On hydrolysis and heating, the carboxylic acid is formed.

In second case, base initiates the reaction by abstraction of a proton from the malonic ester. Enolate anion is formed which attacks 1,5−dibromopentane. The second equivalent of base abstracts a proton from the second equivalent of malonic ester and a nucleophilic center is generated. The nucleophilic carbon attacks the previously formed compound. On hydrolysis and heating, the carboxylic acid is formed.

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Dr. Mendel asked his BIOL 260 class what their height was and what their parent's heights were. He plotted that data in the graph below to determine if height was a heritable trait. A. Is height a heritable trait? If yes, what is the heritability value? (2 pts) B. If the phenotypic variation is 30, what is the variation due to additive alleles? (2 pts) Offspring Height (Inches) 75 67.5 60 52.5 y = 0.9264x + 4.8519 55 60 65 MidParent Height (Inches) 70 75 12pt v V Paragraph B IUA > AT2 v V

Experiment: Each team will be provided with 5g of a mixture of acetanilide and salicylic acid. You will divide it into three 1.5 g portions in separate 125 mL Erlenmeyer flasks savıng some for melting point analysis. Dissolve the mixture in each flask in ~60mL of DI water by heating to boiling on a hotplate. Take the flasks off the hotplate once you have a clear solution and let them stand on the bench top for 5 mins and then allow them to cool as described below. Sample A-Let the first sample cool slowly to room temperature by letting it stand on your lab bench, with occasional stirring to promote crystallization. Sample B-Cool the second sample 1n a tap-water bath to 10-15 °C Sample C-Cool the third sample in an ice-bath to 0-2 °C Results: weight after recrystalization and melting point temp. A=0.624g,102-115° B=0.765g, 80-105° C=1.135g, 77-108 What is the percent yield of A,B, and C.

Rel. Intensity Q 1. Which one of the following is true of the compound whose mass spectrum is shown here? Explain how you decided. 100 a) It contains chlorine. b) It contains bromine. c) It contains neither chlorine nor bromine. 80- 60- 40- 20- 0.0 0.0 TT 40 80 120 160 m/z 2. Using the Table of IR Absorptions how could you distinguish between these two compounds in the IR? What absorbance would one compound have that the other compound does not? HO CI

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 17, Problem 71P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The one equivalent of the malonic ester reacted with one equivalent of 1,5−dibromopentane and two equivalents of base has to be predicted formed the unknown carboxylic acid.

Concept introduction:

In first case, base initiates the reaction by abstraction of a proton from the malonic ester. Enolate anion is formed which attacks 1,5−dibromopentane. The second equivalent of base abstracts a proton from the intermediate compound and a nucleophilic center is generated. The nucleophilic carbon attacks another end of 1,5−dibromopentane and a cyclic compound is formed. On hydrolysis and heating, the carboxylic acid is formed.

In second case, base initiates the reaction by abstraction of a proton from the malonic ester. Enolate anion is formed which attacks 1,5−dibromopentane. The second equivalent of base abstracts a proton from the second equivalent of malonic ester and a nucleophilic center is generated. The nucleophilic carbon attacks the previously formed compound. On hydrolysis and heating, the carboxylic acid is formed.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The one equivalent of the malonic ester reacted with one equivalent of 1,5−dibromopentane and two equivalents of base has to be predicted formed the unknown carboxylic acid.

Concept introduction:

In first case, base initiates the reaction by abstraction of a proton from the malonic ester. Enolate anion is formed which attacks 1,5−dibromopentane. The second equivalent of base abstracts a proton from the intermediate compound and a nucleophilic center is generated. The nucleophilic carbon attacks another end of 1,5−dibromopentane and a cyclic compound is formed. On hydrolysis and heating, the carboxylic acid is formed.

In second case, base initiates the reaction by abstraction of a proton from the malonic ester. Enolate anion is formed which attacks 1,5−dibromopentane. The second equivalent of base abstracts a proton from the second equivalent of malonic ester and a nucleophilic center is generated. The nucleophilic carbon attacks the previously formed compound. On hydrolysis and heating, the carboxylic acid is formed.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 17, Problem 71P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The one equivalent of the malonic ester reacted with one equivalent of 1,5−dibromopentane and two equivalents of base has to be predicted formed the unknown carboxylic acid.

Concept introduction:

In first case, base initiates the reaction by abstraction of a proton from the malonic ester. Enolate anion is formed which attacks 1,5−dibromopentane. The second equivalent of base abstracts a proton from the intermediate compound and a nucleophilic center is generated. The nucleophilic carbon attacks another end of 1,5−dibromopentane and a cyclic compound is formed. On hydrolysis and heating, the carboxylic acid is formed.

In second case, base initiates the reaction by abstraction of a proton from the malonic ester. Enolate anion is formed which attacks 1,5−dibromopentane. The second equivalent of base abstracts a proton from the second equivalent of malonic ester and a nucleophilic center is generated. The nucleophilic carbon attacks the previously formed compound. On hydrolysis and heating, the carboxylic acid is formed.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The one equivalent of the malonic ester reacted with one equivalent of 1,5−dibromopentane and two equivalents of base has to be predicted formed the unknown carboxylic acid.

Concept introduction:

In first case, base initiates the reaction by abstraction of a proton from the malonic ester. Enolate anion is formed which attacks 1,5−dibromopentane. The second equivalent of base abstracts a proton from the intermediate compound and a nucleophilic center is generated. The nucleophilic carbon attacks another end of 1,5−dibromopentane and a cyclic compound is formed. On hydrolysis and heating, the carboxylic acid is formed.

In second case, base initiates the reaction by abstraction of a proton from the malonic ester. Enolate anion is formed which attacks 1,5−dibromopentane. The second equivalent of base abstracts a proton from the second equivalent of malonic ester and a nucleophilic center is generated. The nucleophilic carbon attacks the previously formed compound. On hydrolysis and heating, the carboxylic acid is formed.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 17, Problem 71P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction