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An Introduction to Thermal Physics
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- A gasoline engine has a power output of 170 kW (about 2.28×105 hp ). Its thermal efficiency is 22.0 %. How much heat must be supplied to the engine per second? Express your answer in joules per second. How much heat is discarded by the engine per second? Express your answer in joules per second.arrow_forwardThe concrete slab of a basement is 11 m long and 8 m wide, and 0.20 m thick. During the winter, temperatures are nominally 17°C and 10°C at the top and bottom surfaces, respectively. If the concrete has a thermal conductivity of 1.4 W/mK, what is the rate of heat loss through the slab? If the basement is heated by a gas furnace operation at an efficiency of 90%, and natural gas is priced at $0.02. MJ, what is the daily cost of the heat loss. Answer: QLOSS = 4.312 kW, COST = $8.28/dayarrow_forwardAir conditioners sold in the United States are given a seasonal energy-efficiency ratio (SEER) rating that consumers can use to compare different models. A SEER rating is the ratio of heat pumped to energy input, similar to a COP but using English units, so a higher SEER rating means a more efficient model. You can determine the COP of an air conditioner by dividing the SEER rating by 3.4. For inside temperature 24 ∘C and outside temperature 35 ∘C when you'd be using air conditioning, estimate the theoretical maximum SEER rating of an air conditioner. (New air conditioners must have a SEER rating that exceeds 13, quite a bit less than the theoretical maximum, but there are practical issues that reduce efficiency.)arrow_forward
- Compressed air can be pumped underground into huge caverns as a form of energy storage. The volume of a cavern is 6.3 x 105 m³, 5 and the pressure of the air in it is 7.4 × 106 Pa. Assume that air is a diatomic ideal gas whose internal energy U is given by U = nRT. If one home uses 30.0 kWh of energy per day, how many homes could this internal energy serve for one day?arrow_forwardSuppose 8.50 x 10° J of energy are transferred to 1.79 kg of ice at 0°C. The latent heat of fusion and specific heat of water are L; = 3.33 x 10° J/kg and c = 4186 (kg · °C) HINT (a) Calculate the energy (in J) required to melt all the ice into liquid water. (Enter your answer to at least three significant figures.) (b) How much energy (in J) remains to raise the temperature of the liquid water? (Enter your answer to at least three significant figures.) (c) Determine the final temperature of the liquid water in Celsius. °Carrow_forwardA room is lighted by four 100 W incandescent lightbulbs. (The power of 100 W is the rate at which a bulb converts electrical energy to heat and the energy of visible light.) Assuming that 73% of the energy is converted to heat, how much heat does the room receive in 6.9 h?arrow_forward
- An electric heater transfers 9.20 ✕ 105 J into a block of ice with a mass of 2.35 kg and an initial temperature of 0°C. (a) How much of the energy (in J) supplied by the heater goes into melting all the ice into liquid water? (Enter your answer to at least three significant figures.) Review the definition of latent heat of fusion. How is the energy related to the mass and latent heat? J (b) How much of the energy (in J) supplied by the heater goes into raising the temperature of the liquid water? (Enter your answer to at least three significant figures.) Think about conservation of energy. The total energy supplied is known, and you found in part (a) the energy that goes into melting. How much is left over? J (c) What is the final temperature of the liquid water in degrees Celsius? °Carrow_forwardThe concrete slab of a basement is 11m long, 8 m wide and 0.2 m thick. During the winter, temperatures are nominally 17°C and 10°C at the top and bottom respectively. If the concrete has thermal conductivity of 1.4 W/m K, what is the rate of heat loss through the slab? If the basement is heated by a gas furnace operating at an efficiency of 90% using natural gas priced at Cg = Php 1.00/MJ, what is the daily cost of heat loss?arrow_forwardWhen air is inhaled, it quickly becomes saturated with water vapor as it passes through the moist upper airways. When a person breathes dry air, about 25 mg of water are exhaled with each breath. At 12 breaths/min, what is the rate of energy loss due to evaporation? Express your answer in both watts and Calories per day. At body temperature, the heat of vaporization ofwater is Lv = 24 × 105 J/kg.arrow_forward
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