Chapter 17, Problem 31E

Determine the standard cell potential and the cell potential under the stated conditions for the electrochemical reactions described here. State whether each is spontaneous or nonspontaueous under each set of conditions at 293.15 K.

(a) $\text{Hg}\left(l\right)+{\text{S}}^{2-}\left(aq,0.10M\right)+2{\text{Ag}}^{+}\left(aq,0.25M\right)\to 2\text{Ag}\left(s\right)+\text{HgS}\left(s\right)$

(b) The galvanic cell made from a half-cell consisting of an aluminum electrode in 0.015 M aluminum nitrate solution and a half—cell consisting of a nickel electrode in 025 M nickel(l) nitrate solution.

(c) The cell made of a half-cell in which 1.0 M aqueous bromide is oxidized to 0.11 M bromine ion and a half-cell in which aluminum ion at 0.023 M is reduced to aluminum metal. Assume the standard reduction potential for Br₂(l) is the same as that of Br₂(aq).