Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305112100
Author: Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 17, Problem 2RQ
Summary Introduction
To define: Cell differentiation and morphogenesis and the two processes that are critical for development.
Introduction: Gestation or pregnancy is the period during which offspring develops within a woman. This involves several developmental stages of fetus. In humans, pregnancy is nearly nine months long, divided into three trimesters, involving several changes in the mother and the growing fetus.
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Chapter 17 Solutions
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 17 - Define and describe the main features of the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2RQCh. 17 - Summarize the development of an embryo and a...Ch. 17 - Label the early development stages shown in the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 1SQCh. 17 - During cleavage, the _______ is converted to a...Ch. 17 - Prob. 3SQCh. 17 - Prob. 4SQCh. 17 - _________ is the gene-guided process by which...Ch. 17 - In a human zygote, the cell divisions of cleavage...
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- How is cell communication involved with processes of development?arrow_forwarddefine adult and embryonic stem cells and their varieddegrees of developmental plasticity;arrow_forwardWhat statement best describes the difference between "fate maps" and "specification"? If cells are transplanted from their normal region in an embryo to a different region in a recipient embryo, such cells will alter their fate, but not their specification. Cell fate map describes the allocation of cells to the germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, or endoderm, whereas specification describes the exact tissues that each cell will ultimately become. The fate map of an embryo does not change during development -- the fate map of an egg is the same as the fate map of a late blastula -- whereas the specification map of an embryo changes continually as the embryo's development proceeds. The fate map of a cell is determined by labelling that cell and following it during normal development, whereas the specification state of a cell is determined by culturing a cell in an artificial medium and observing what tissues form from it.arrow_forward
- What specific molecular factors determine the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into different cell types during development?arrow_forwardDescribe the following shared developmental processes: - cell division - cell/cell interactions - cell movement and coordinated cell shape changes - programmed cell deatharrow_forwardCell differentiation occurs through _______________, whereas morphogenesis involves _______________. (a) pattern formation; cell determination (b) cell division; cell expansion (c) cell expansion; pattern formation (d) cell determination; cell division (e) cell determination; pattern formationarrow_forward
- Discuss the role of homeotic genes in development. Explain what happens to the phenotype of a fruit fly when a gain-of-function mutation in a homeotic gene causes the protein to be expressed in an abnormal region of the embryo. What are the consequences of a loss-of-function mutation in such a gene?arrow_forwardExplain differentiation, specialization, and morphogenesis?arrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes the concept of cell differentiation during the development of a multicellular organism? A. During development, all of the genes in the embryo's cells are expressed at first, but fewer and fewer are expressed as time proceeds. B. During development, different sets of genes are deleted from different cell types so that at the end of development, each cell has only the genes it needs. C. During development, different cells become specialized to have different phenotypes even though they all originated from the same cell. ..arrow_forward
- For each of the following: ECM, CAMs and cell junctions, describe at least 2 specific examples of a developmental process that include molecules from the category as a component. Specify the molecule involved in each category (e.g. ECM: collagen, CAMs: cadherins, Cell junctions: desmosomes). Include images to illustrate the process. Category Developmental Process Image ECM 1 2 CAMs 1 2 Cell Junctions 1 2arrow_forwardDiscuss two reasons why the therapeutic use ofembryonic stem cells can present a problem.arrow_forwardWhat is the importance of apoptosis in normal development?arrow_forward
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