Chemistry: Structure and Properties
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780321834683
Author: Nivaldo J. Tro
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 17, Problem 27E
When calculating the [H3O+] for a polyprotic acid, the second ionization step can often be neglected. Explain why this statement is valid.
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Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition
Consider the following equilibrium:
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) = 2NH3 (g) AG⁰ = -34. KJ
Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 8.06 atm of nitrogen (N2) and 2.58 atm of ammonia (NH3) at 106. °C. Answer the following questions about this
system:
?
rise
Under these conditions, will the pressure of N2 tend to rise or fall?
☐ x10
fall
Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding H₂?
In other words, if you said the pressure of N2 will tend to rise, can that be
changed to a tendency to fall by adding H₂? Similarly, if you said the
pressure of N2 will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise
by adding H₂?
If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate
the minimum pressure of H₂ needed to reverse it.
Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
yes
no
☐
atm
☑
5
00.
18
Ar
Chapter 17 Solutions
Chemistry: Structure and Properties
Ch. 17 - Identify the conjugate base in the reaction shown...Ch. 17 - Which pair is a Bronsted-Lowry conjugate acid-base...Ch. 17 - Which acid has the largest Ka: HClO2(aq),...Ch. 17 - Consider the given acid ionization constants and...Ch. 17 - What is the OH- concentration in an aqueous...Ch. 17 - An HNO3(aq) solution has a pH of 1.75. What is the...Ch. 17 - Find the pH of a 0.350 M aqueous benzoic acid...Ch. 17 - Find the pH of a 0.155 M HClO2(aq) solution. For...Ch. 17 - 9. Calculate the percent ionization of 1.45 M...Ch. 17 - Consider two aqueous solutions of nitrous acid...
Ch. 17 - What is the [OH-] in a 0.200 M solution of...Ch. 17 - Which ion will be basic in aqueous solution? HSO4-...Ch. 17 - Which compound will form an acidic solution when...Ch. 17 - Find the pH of 0.175 M NaCN solution. For HCN,...Ch. 17 - What is the concentration of X2- in a 0.150 M...Ch. 17 - In the opening section of this chapter text, we...Ch. 17 - What are the general physical and chemical...Ch. 17 - What is a carboxylic acid? Give an example?Ch. 17 - What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid? Of a...Ch. 17 - What is a hydronium ion? Does H+ exist in solution...Ch. 17 - What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid?...Ch. 17 - Why is there more than one definition of acid-base...Ch. 17 - Describe amphoteric behavior and give an example.Ch. 17 - What is a conjugate acid-base pair? Provide an...Ch. 17 - Explain the difference between a strong acid and a...Ch. 17 - For a binary acid, H-Y, which factors affect the...Ch. 17 - Which factors affect the relative acidity of an...Ch. 17 - What are diprotic and triprotic acids? List an...Ch. 17 - Define the acid ionization constant and explain...Ch. 17 - Write an equation for the autoionization of water...Ch. 17 - What happens to the [OH-] of a solution when the...Ch. 17 - Define pH. What pH range is considered acidic?...Ch. 17 - Define pOH. What pOH range is considered acidic?...Ch. 17 - In most solutions containing a strong or weak...Ch. 17 - When calculating [H3O+] for weak acid solutions,...Ch. 17 - What is the percent ionization of an acid? Explain...Ch. 17 - In calculating [H3O+] for a mixture of a strong...Ch. 17 - Write a generic equation showing how a weak base...Ch. 17 - How can you identified if an anion will act as a...Ch. 17 - What is the relationship between the acid...Ch. 17 - What kinds of cations act as weak acids? List some...Ch. 17 - When calculating the [H3O+] for a polyprotic acid,...Ch. 17 - For a weak diprotic acid H2X, what is the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 29ECh. 17 - Prob. 30ECh. 17 - Identify each substance as an acid or a base and...Ch. 17 - Identify each substance as an acid or a base and...Ch. 17 - In each reaction, identify the Bronsted-Lowry...Ch. 17 - In each reaction, identify the Bronsted-Lowry...Ch. 17 - Write the formula for the conjugate base of each...Ch. 17 - Write the formula for the conjugate acid of each...Ch. 17 - Both H2O and H2PO4 are amphoteric. Write an...Ch. 17 - Both HCO3 and HS are amphoteric. Write an equation...Ch. 17 - Prob. 39ECh. 17 - Based on molecular structure, arrange the binary...Ch. 17 - Based on their molecular structure, pick the...Ch. 17 - Based on molecular structure, arrange the oxyacids...Ch. 17 - Prob. 43ECh. 17 - Which is a stronger base, PO43 or AsO43 ? Explain.Ch. 17 - Classify each acid as strong or weak. If the acid...Ch. 17 - Classify each acid as strong or weak. If the acid...Ch. 17 - The three diagrams represent three different...Ch. 17 - Rank the solutions in order of decreasing [H3O+] :...Ch. 17 - Calculate [OH-] in each aqueous solution at 25°C,...Ch. 17 - Calculate [H3O+] in each aqueous solution at 25°C,...Ch. 17 - Calculate the pH and pH of each solution....Ch. 17 - Calculate [H3O+] and [OH-] for each solution. pH =...Ch. 17 - Complete the table. (All solutions are at 25°C.)...Ch. 17 - Prob. 54ECh. 17 - all equilibrium constants, the value of Kw depends...Ch. 17 - The value of KWincreases with temperature. Is the...Ch. 17 - Calculate the pH of each acid solution. Explain...Ch. 17 - Find the concentration of H3O+, to the correct...Ch. 17 - For each strong acid solution, determine [H3O+],...Ch. 17 - Prob. 60ECh. 17 - What mass of HI should be present in 0.250 L of...Ch. 17 - Prob. 62ECh. 17 - What is the pH of solution in which 224 mL of...Ch. 17 - What volume of a concentrated HCl solution, which...Ch. 17 - Determine the [H3O+] and pH of a 0.100 M solution...Ch. 17 - Prob. 66ECh. 17 - Determine the pH of an HNO2 solution of each...Ch. 17 - Determine the pH of an HF solution of each...Ch. 17 - If 15.0 mL of glacial acetic acid (pure HC2H3O2)...Ch. 17 - Calculate the pH of a formic acid solution that...Ch. 17 - A 0.185 M solution of a weak acid (HA) has a pH of...Ch. 17 - Prob. 72ECh. 17 - Determine the percent ionization of a 0.125 M HCN...Ch. 17 - Determine the percent ionization of a 0.225 M...Ch. 17 - Calculate the percent ionization of an acetic acid...Ch. 17 - Calculate the percent ionization of a formic acid...Ch. 17 - A 0.148 M solution of a monoprotic acid has a...Ch. 17 - Prob. 78ECh. 17 - Prob. 79ECh. 17 - Prob. 80ECh. 17 - Find the pH of each mixture of acids. 0.115 M in...Ch. 17 - Find the pH of each mixture of acids. 0.075 M in...Ch. 17 - For each strong base solution, determine [OH-],...Ch. 17 - Prob. 84ECh. 17 - Prob. 85ECh. 17 - Prob. 86ECh. 17 - Prob. 87ECh. 17 - Prob. 88ECh. 17 - Prob. 89ECh. 17 - Prob. 90ECh. 17 - Determine the [OH-], pH, and pOH of a 0.15 ammonia...Ch. 17 - Determine the [OH-], pH, and pOH of a solution...Ch. 17 - Prob. 93ECh. 17 - Prob. 94ECh. 17 - Prob. 95ECh. 17 - Prob. 96ECh. 17 - Determine if each anion is basic or neutral. For...Ch. 17 - Determine whether each anion is basic or neutral....Ch. 17 - Prob. 99ECh. 17 - Determine the [OH-] and pH of a solution is 0.250...Ch. 17 - Determine whether each cation is acidic or...Ch. 17 - Prob. 102ECh. 17 - Determine if each salt will form a solution that...Ch. 17 - Prob. 104ECh. 17 - Prob. 105ECh. 17 - Prob. 106ECh. 17 - Prob. 107ECh. 17 - Prob. 108ECh. 17 - Prob. 109ECh. 17 - Prob. 110ECh. 17 - Prob. 111ECh. 17 - Prob. 112ECh. 17 - Write chemical equations and corresponding...Ch. 17 - Prob. 114ECh. 17 - Prob. 115ECh. 17 - Calculate the [H3O+] and pH of each polyprotic...Ch. 17 - Calculate the concentration of each species in a...Ch. 17 - Calculate the concentration of each species in a...Ch. 17 - Calculate the [H3O+] and pH of each H2S04...Ch. 17 - Consider a 0.10 M solution of a weak polyprotic...Ch. 17 - Classify each species as a Lewis acid or a Lewis...Ch. 17 - Prob. 122ECh. 17 - Prob. 123ECh. 17 - Prob. 124ECh. 17 - Prob. 125ECh. 17 - Based on these molecular views, determine whether...Ch. 17 - The binding of oxygen by hemoglobin in the blood...Ch. 17 - Carbon dioxide dissolves in water according to the...Ch. 17 - People often take Milk of Magnesia to reduce the...Ch. 17 - Lakes that have been acidified by acid rain (which...Ch. 17 - Acid rain over the Great lakes has a pH of about...Ch. 17 - White wines tend to be more acidic than red wines....Ch. 17 - Common aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid, which has...Ch. 17 - The AIDS drug zalcitabine (also known as ddC) is a...Ch. 17 - Determine the pH of each solution. 0.0100MHCIO4...Ch. 17 - Determine the pH of each solution. 0.0650M HNO3...Ch. 17 - Determine the pH of each two-component solution....Ch. 17 - Determine the pH of each two-component solution....Ch. 17 - Write net ionic equations for the reactions that...Ch. 17 - Prob. 140ECh. 17 - The pH of a 1.00 M solution of urea, a weak...Ch. 17 - Prob. 142ECh. 17 - Lactic acid is a weak acid found in milk. Its...Ch. 17 - Prob. 144ECh. 17 - A student mistakenly calculates the pH of a 1.0107...Ch. 17 - When 2.55 g of an unknown weak acid (HA) with a...Ch. 17 - Prob. 147ECh. 17 - To what volume should you dilute 1 L of a solution...Ch. 17 - HA, a weak acid, with Ka=1.0108 , also forms the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 150ECh. 17 - Prob. 151ECh. 17 - To 1.0 L of a 0.30 M solution of HCIO2 is added...Ch. 17 - A mixture of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 has a mass of 82.2...Ch. 17 - Prob. 154ECh. 17 - Prob. 155ECh. 17 - Prob. 156ECh. 17 - Prob. 157E
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