Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134477336
Author: Martini
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 17, Problem 21RQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Ear is the organ of the body that aids in hearing of sounds and maintaining the balance of the body. It is divided into three main parts namely, the outer or external ear, the middle ear and the internal ear.
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Chapter 17 Solutions
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 17 - Prob. 1CPCh. 17 - Prob. 2CPCh. 17 - Prob. 3CPCh. 17 - Prob. 4CPCh. 17 - If you completely dry the surface of your tongue...Ch. 17 - Prob. 6CPCh. 17 - Prob. 7CPCh. 17 - Prob. 8CPCh. 17 - Prob. 9CPCh. 17 - Prob. 10CP
Ch. 17 - Prob. 11CPCh. 17 - Prob. 12CPCh. 17 - Prob. 13CPCh. 17 - Prob. 14CPCh. 17 - Prob. 15CPCh. 17 - Prob. 16CPCh. 17 - Prob. 17CPCh. 17 - Prob. 1RQCh. 17 - Prob. 2RQCh. 17 - A blind spot occurs in the retina where (a) the...Ch. 17 - Sound waves are convened into mechanical movements...Ch. 17 - The basic receptors in the internal ear are the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 6RQCh. 17 - At sunset, your visual system adapts to (a) fovea...Ch. 17 - Prob. 8RQCh. 17 - The malleus, incus, and stapes are the tiny bones...Ch. 17 - Identify the structures of the external, middle,...Ch. 17 - Prob. 11RQCh. 17 - Prob. 12RQCh. 17 - Prob. 13RQCh. 17 - Prob. 14RQCh. 17 - Prob. 15RQCh. 17 - Prob. 16RQCh. 17 - Prob. 17RQCh. 17 - Prob. 18RQCh. 17 - Prob. 19RQCh. 17 - Prob. 20RQCh. 17 - Prob. 21RQCh. 17 - Prob. 22RQCh. 17 - Prob. 23RQCh. 17 - Prob. 24RQCh. 17 - Prob. 25RQCh. 17 - Prob. 26RQCh. 17 - Prob. 27RQCh. 17 - Prob. 28RQCh. 17 - Prob. 1CCCh. 17 - Prob. 2CC
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- Given these events:(1) Bipolar cells depolarize.(2) Glutamate release from presynaptic terminals of photoreceptorcells decreases.(3) Light strikes photoreceptor cells.(4) Photoreceptor cells are depolarized.(5) Photoreceptor cells are hyperpolarized.Choose the arrangement that lists the correct order of events, startingwith the photoreceptor cells in the resting, nonactivated state.a. 1,2,3,4,5 b. 2,4,3,5,1 c. 3,4,2,5,1 d. 4,3,5,2,1 e. 5,3,4,1,2arrow_forwardBased on the same attached figure as above (Figure 10.9 in your textbook), what kind of channel permits K+ to pass through the apical-end membrane in hair cells of the ear? (A) Spiral ganglion Tectorial membrane Scala vestibuli Inner hair cells -45 mV Scala tympani Outer hair cells Scala media Organ of Corti Perilymph Low K+ 0mV Endolymph High K+ +80 mV (B) Stria vascularis Basilar membrane Ca²+ Afferent. nerve Depolarization O Nucleus wwww. 00 -Depolarization. Vesicles -Transmitter To brain C₂24arrow_forwardThe transduction of sound waves into action potentials occurs(A) in the tectorial membrane as it is stimulated by hair cells.(B) when hair cells are bent against the tectorial membrane,causing them to depolarize and release neurotransmitterthat stimulates sensory neurons.(C) as the basilar membrane vibrates at different frequenciesin response to the varying volume of sounds.(D) within the middle ear as the vibrations are amplified by themalleus, incus, and stapesarrow_forward
- Receptor cells that are neurons with sensory dendrites are faster than receptor cells that are separate from neurons. Why is that, and why might that be important in, for example, the sense of touch versus vision?arrow_forwardThe suprachiasmatic nucleus receives direct input from the retina and enables light dark circles to entrain circadian rhythms. What is the effect on a persons circadian rhythms of sleeping and waking if the retinal axons were somehow disrupted?arrow_forwardWhat does your map of cutaneous sensations tell you about the distribution of sensory receptors in the skin?arrow_forward
- A patient is not perceiving light touch on their ear. The problem could be in the integumentary system, peripheral nervous system or central nervous system. For each system, explain what would be going wrong that could cause this. How could you isolate the problem?arrow_forwardGustatory epithelial cells are also known as: (a) tactile discs. (b) taste receptors. (c) hair cells. (d) olfactory receptors.arrow_forwardRetinal is therefore a key player that triggers a series of activation in phototransduction (see figure below). Phototransduction in photoreceptor cells Disc membrane 1000000000…………………………. Disc lumen Light Rhodopsin GDP Transducin Photoreceptor cytosol GTP GTP GTP PDE CGMP CGMP inhibition CGMP GMP PDE6i GMP GMP Extracellular environment Plasma membrane 1. Light hits the retinal molecule and changes into an all-trans configuration 2. This change in the retinal conformation activates the rhodopsin photoreceptor 3. The rhodopsin photoreceptor then activates a specific heterotrimeric G protein called transducin. 4. The transducin then activates a downstream protein called PDE. Both PDE and the transducin G protein are attached to the plasma membrane by a lipid anchor. This makes them close to each other and facilitates the activation of PDE by the transducin G protein. The activity of the protein PDE can itself be regulated. It can for example be inhibited by a drug called PDE6i. 7. What…arrow_forward
- The velocity of conduction in a sensory fiber is dependent on axon diameter Omyelination length a) and b)arrow_forwardWhen light strikes a photoreceptor, it reduces the amount of glutamate that it releases. This releases ___ cells from inhibition, allowing them to release more neurotransmitters and excite ___ cells. This produces action potentials that travel down the optic nerve. A) horizontal; amacrine B) amacrine; horizontal C) ganglion; bipolar D) bipolar; ganglionarrow_forwardBased on the attached figure (Figure 9.8 in the textbook), what is the actual membrane mechanism mediating the light-induced hyperpolarization of a photoreceptor? (A) Dark Rod outer segment CGMP 0 CGMP CGMP CGMP K+ Rod inner segment Inside Obelecendra EX Ca²+ Na+ Outside Na+ influx, K+ efflux: Depolarization (B) Light Rod outer segment LIELITI CGMP reduced Rod inner segment Ca2+ Na Inside Outside Reduced Na+ influx, K* efflux: Hyperpolarizationarrow_forward
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