BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 17, Problem 1IQ
Summary Introduction
To explain: The way in which creation of cDNA would be good if a copy of the section of a eukaryotic genome containing exons and introns is required.
Introduction: Exons and introns are the
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You are a research scientist working in genetic engineering. You create a piece of DNA that you want to express in a mouse cell, which is a eukaryote. This piece
of DNA (represented by the schematic in the figure) consists of a eukaryotic promoter, a prokaryotic gene lacking introns and exons and a eukaryotic terminator
sequence. Do you think that this piece of DNA would be successfully expressed if placed into a mouse cell containing all the machinery needed for gene
expression? Fully motivate your answer.
The AAUAAA
Eukaryotic
Start
Coding
Stop
terminator
promoter
codon
sequence
codon
sequence
The diagram below depicts an active transcription bubble after a short period of RNA synthesis during the
transcription process of a prokaryotic gene. Redraw the diagram and label parts (i) to (v) on the diagram.
Motivate your answers.
(i)
the template and the non-template strands;
(ii) the orientation (direction) of both DNA strands and that of the newly synthesised RNA strand;
(iii) the location of a possible promotor sequence;
(iv) the location of a possible Shine-Dalgarno sequence;
(v)
the specific area of activity of a RNA polymerase.
Discuss why you think the ribosomes need to contain so many proteins and rRNA molecules. Does it seem like a waste of cellular energy to make such a large structure so that translation can occur?
Chapter 17 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 17.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 17.1 - Describe the construction and uses of recombinant...Ch. 17.2 - Relate the process of DNA replication to PCR.Ch. 17.2 - Compare and contrast PCR, RT-PCR, and quantitative...Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 17.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 17.3 - Describe the pros and cons of RNA interference and...Ch. 17.4 - Explain how the universal nature of the genetic...Ch. 17.4 - Compare and contrast knockout, knockin, and...
Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 17.5 - Describe the benefits of biofuel production from...Ch. 17.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 17.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 17.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 17.6 - Compare and contrast FISH and gene chip...Ch. 17.6 - Describe how immunoassays can be used to diagnose...Ch. 17.7 - Describe the benefits of creating transgenic...Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 2LOCh. 17.7 - Evaluate issues on each side of the transgenic...Ch. 17 - Prob. 1DACh. 17 - Prob. 2DACh. 17 - Prob. 1IQCh. 17 - Prob. 2IQCh. 17 - You study a gene known to be important in the...Ch. 17 - What is the basis of separation of different DNA...Ch. 17 - Prob. 3UCh. 17 - FISH analysis of a breast tumor biopsy for HER2...Ch. 17 - In terms of studying gene function, what is the...Ch. 17 - The Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium usually induces...Ch. 17 - Prob. 1ACh. 17 - Which of the following statements is accurate for...Ch. 17 - Prob. 3ACh. 17 - Many human proteins, such as hemoglobin, are only...Ch. 17 - Amyloid beta is a proteolytic product of a protein...
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- Refer to the double stranded DNA molecule with the sequence below to answer the following questions: 5’ATATGGGTCTCGATAGGGCTGTTTTCTCCGGC 3’ 3’TATACCCAGAGCTATCCCGACAAAAGAGGCCG 5’ Which strand functions as the transcription template, the top one or the bottom one? Explain your reasoning. What is the mRNA transcript and polypeptide from this strand? In the space below, copy the DNA strand that is transcribed, and write the mRNA transcript and polypeptide chain below it. Align the mRNA and polypeptide so that it is clear which DNA bases they came from. DNA strand: mRNA: amino acid sequence:arrow_forwardYou’re going for a bike ride, and as your muscles work harder, your body needs to produce more of the enzyme. You now know genes are transcribed from DNA into RNA in the nucleus and translated from RNA into proteins by ribosomes. Explain the steps of its creation from DNA to protein. Aside for having a nasty inhibitor around like the one from that insecticide, how else might an enzyme end up being non-functioning? During transcription, a base substitution occurred. Explain two reasons why this change in nucleotide sequence could result in no change to the protein.arrow_forwardGiven: eukaryotic cells can make different proteins, using only one gene. How can a eukaryotic cell make different final proteins from the same gene? Note: some of the answers are actually correct statements, but they don't have anything to do with this question. A.Eukaryotes have 3 RNA polymerases instead of just one. B.Eukaryotes cannot perform simultaneous transcription and translation. C.Eukaryotes splice RNA and can do so in various arrangements. D.Eukaryotes lack the Shine Delgarno sequence.arrow_forward
- Speculate as to why eukaryotes have either a) much more complex promoter and enhancer regions than prokaryotes or b) intron exon structure while prokaryotes do not.arrow_forwardThe sequence below shows a mRNA sequence derived from a template strand of a DNA molecule: DNA sequence 1: CTTTTTTGCCAT DNA sequence 2: ACATCAATAACT DNA sequence 3: TACAAGGGTTCT Determine the mRNA sequence that you would derive from transcription of each strand Using the genetic code table, show the amino acid sequence that will be encoded by these mRNAs For the 3 DNA sequence, what will be the sequence of the complementary base after the process of replication?arrow_forwardA molecular geneticist hopes to find a Gene in human liver cell that codes for an important blood-clotting protein,he knows that the nucleotide sequence of a small part of the Gene is GTGGACTGACA.briefly explain how to obtain genearrow_forward
- A template strand of a gene contains the sequence 3’ – TTCAGTCGT – 5’. Suppose that the nontemplate sequence could be transcribed instead of the template sequence. Draw the nontemplate sequence in 3’-5’ order (because remember you have to flip it for your brain to read it like RNA Polymerase would J). Then draw the mRNA sequence and translate it using Figure 14.6 (or any codon chart). Predict how well the protein synthesized from the nontemplate strand would function if at all.arrow_forwardSuppose that the diagram below represents the genomic organization of an enzyme involved in eye pigment production in mice. Within the gene are four exons. Biochemical analysis has revealed that the active site of the enzyme is located in the C terminus of the protein. -The nucleotide length of each exon and intron is shown. -The dinucleotide sequence GT represents the 5’ splice site and the dinucleotide sequence AG represents the 3’ splice site. Both the 5’ and the 3’ splice sites must be present for splicing to occur. Assume that the first and second stop codons are located immediately after the first and second 5’ splice sites, respectively; the third and fourth stop codons are located near the 3’ end of exons 3 and 4, respectively; all these stop codons are in the correct reading frame. a) draw what the processed mRNA will look like. Include the start codon on the mRNA and label the approximate locations of the 5’ UTR and 3’ UTR on the transcript. (You do not need to add the 5’ CAP…arrow_forwardHydrogen bonds are important in DNA replication and transcription. They are relatively weak chemical bonds. Why is this a desirable feature for DNA? Describe the effect (s) of changing (mutating) the promoter on the transcription of the DNA strand/gene the promoter controls. What happens to protein synthesis if a nonsense codon is inserted into the gene? Explain why a point mutation does not necessarily change the original amino acid sequence. (Explain silent mutations) Choose any pentapeptide composed of five different amino acids. List the amino acids. Present one messenger RNA codon for each amino acids and the sequence of nucleotides on the DNA that originally coded for your pentapeptide.arrow_forward
- Use the DNA sequence above, list all possible splicing productsarrow_forwardWhat is the survival value of the degeneracy of the genetic code? – Define what degeneracy means and then comment on why it would have survival value. Please keep answer between 2-3 sentencesarrow_forwardBelow is a double-stranded DNA: ATATGTGGTCTCGGTCCGTTAGGCAAT TATACACCAGAGCCAGGCAATCCGTTA 1. In this given DNA, the top strand is the 5' to 3' strand and the bottom strand is the 3' to 5' strand. The bottom strand (3' to 5' strand) acts as the template for transcription. PLEASE EXPLAIN WHY. 2. What is the mRNA transcript and polypeptide from this strand? In the space below, copy the DNA strand that is transcribed, and write the mRNA transcript. 3. Identify the polypeptide chain below it. Align the mRNA and polypeptide so that it is clear which DNA bases they came from. please answer the 3 questions, thank you so much!arrow_forward
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