
Concept explainers
(a)
To determine: A set of experiments or calculations to test the given hypotheses.
Concept Introduction: The replacement of the hydrogen atom by chlorine in the methyl group of the acetic acid increases the polarity of the
As the
(a)

Answer to Problem 1DE
Solution: Due to the presence of chlorine atom, the acidity of trichloroacetic acid is more than that of chloroacetic acid and acetic acid.
Explanation of Solution
The
Now, comparing the O-H bond polarity of all the three acids, since, chlorine is electronegative in nature, if it is attached to the carbonyl carbon, the polarity of O-H bond increases, the O-H bond become weak making the compound more acidic.
Due to the presence of 3 chlorine atoms, trichloroacetic acid is more acidic than the chloroacetic acid which is then more acidic than acetic acid.
The
It is mathematically represented as follows:
Here,
Taking example of dissociation of acetic acid, the reaction will be as follows:
The expression for acid dissociation constant can be written as follows:
More the value of
The solution of the known concentration of the acetic acid, chloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid in different flask and the
The concentration of the proton ion is calculated by the formula:
The concentration of the proton is same as that of the conjugate base of the acids. Also the concentrations of the acids are known.
Thus, the equilibrium concentration of the acid is calculated by the formula:
Hence, using the
The
(b)
To determine: An experiment to determine the solubility of acetic acid, chloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid.
(b)

Answer to Problem 1DE
Solution: As the value of
Explanation of Solution
The solubility of any salt depends on its concentration, which is related to pH and
The above equation is Henderson-Hasselbach equation.
From the above equation, if the pH of solution decreases, the acid concentration increases and that of salt decreases.
Since, the acidity of acetic acid is least thus, its solution has maximum pH value and its sodium salt has maximum solubility.
The trichloroacetic acid is strongest acid and has minimum pH thus, its sodium salt has minimum solubility.
As the value of
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Chapter 17 Solutions
Laboratory Experiments for Chemistry: The Central Science (13th Edition)
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