Using the phylogenetic tree in Figure 17.1 as a guide, discuss what indicates that bacteriorhodopsin may have been a late evolutionary invention and that anaerobic respiration with S 0 as electron acceptor might have been an early evolutionary invention. Figure 17.1 Schematic representation of the phylogeny of the major taxonomic orders within the domain Archaea. Each of the five archaeal phyla and their major orders are indicated in a different color.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 17, Problem 1AQ

Using the phylogenetic tree in Figure 17.1 as a guide, discuss what indicates that bacteriorhodopsin may have been a late evolutionary invention and that anaerobic respiration with S⁰ as electron acceptor might have been an early evolutionary invention.

Chapter 17, Problem 1AQ, Using the phylogenetic tree in Figure 17.1 as a guide, discuss what indicates that bacteriorhodopsin

Figure 17.1 Schematic representation of the phylogeny of the major taxonomic orders within the domain Archaea. Each of the five archaeal phyla and their major orders are indicated in a different color.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

The term phylogeny is defined as the history of evolution or descent of pattern of a group of organisms from their ancestors. A branching diagram known as cladogram or a phylogenetic tree conceptually represents the phylogeny. The branch that deals with systematics inferring phylogeny are known as phylogenetic systematics or cladistics. The primary goal of phylogenetic systematics is to pattern the descent of a group of organisms. The phylogenetic systematics have the main goal to determine the life history of descent. The phylogenetic systematics are represented as branching pattern and can be determined through the analysis of characters of living or fossil organisms according to phylogenetic principles and methodology.

Explanation of Solution

In the figure, Archaea shows extensive phenotypic diversity. Archaea mainly constitutes of chemoorganotrophic or chemolithotrophic organisms. With respect to evolutionary aspect, Archaea is divided into two main phyla: Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. Crenarchaeota includes mainly hyperthermophiles. Euryarchaeota is physiologically diverse group and many of the organisms are found in extreme environmental conditions. Methanogens and extremely halophilic organisms are included in this phylum. This phylum also includes hyperthermophiles. In Eurychaeota phylum it is observed that Halobacterium which consists bacteriorhodopsin appears very late on the phylogenetic tree justifying late invention of bacteriorhodopsin. Bacteriorhodopsin helps in ATP production in Halobacterium salinarum.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions. 1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction? 2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe: a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why? b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for? 3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale. 4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale. Mutation 1 Mutation 2

There is currently a H5N1 cattle outbreak in North America. According to the CDC on Feb 26*: "A multistate outbreak of HPAI A(H5N1) bird flu in dairy cows was first reported on March 25, 2024. This is the first time that these bird flu viruses had been found in cows. In the United States, since 2022, USDA has reported HPAI A(H5N1) virus detections in more than 200 mammals." List and describe two mechanisms that could lead to this H5N1 influenza strain evolving to spread in human: Mechanisms 1: Mechanisms 2: For the mutations to results in a human epidered they would need to change how the virus interacts with the human host. In the case of mutations that may promote an epidemic, provide an example for: a protein that might incur a mutation: how the mutation would change interactions with cells in the respiratory tract (name the receptor on human cells) List two phenotypic consequence from this mutation that would increase human risk

You have a bacterial strain with the CMU operon: a) As shown in the image below, the cmu operon encodes a peptide (Pep1), as well as a kinase and regulator corresponding to a two-component system. The cmu operon is activated when Pep 1 is added to the growth media. Pep1 is a peptide that when added extracellularly leads to activation of the Cmu operon. Pep1 cmu-kinase cmu-regulator You also have these genetic components in other strains: b) An alternative sigma factor, with a promoter activated by the cmu-regulator, that control a series of multiple operons that together encode a transformasome (cellular machinery for transformation). c) the gene cl (a repressor). d) the promoter X, which includes a cl binding site (and in the absence of cl is active). e) the gene gp (encoding a green fluorescence protein). Using the cmu operon as a starting point, and assuming you can perform cloning to rearrange any of these genomic features, how would you use one or more of these to modify the…

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 17, Problem 1AQ

Using the phylogenetic tree in Figure 17.1 as a guide, discuss what indicates that bacteriorhodopsin may have been a late evolutionary invention and that anaerobic respiration with S⁰ as electron acceptor might have been an early evolutionary invention.

Chapter 17, Problem 1AQ, Using the phylogenetic tree in Figure 17.1 as a guide, discuss what indicates that bacteriorhodopsin

Figure 17.1 Schematic representation of the phylogeny of the major taxonomic orders within the domain Archaea. Each of the five archaeal phyla and their major orders are indicated in a different color.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

The term phylogeny is defined as the history of evolution or descent of pattern of a group of organisms from their ancestors. A branching diagram known as cladogram or a phylogenetic tree conceptually represents the phylogeny. The branch that deals with systematics inferring phylogeny are known as phylogenetic systematics or cladistics. The primary goal of phylogenetic systematics is to pattern the descent of a group of organisms. The phylogenetic systematics have the main goal to determine the life history of descent. The phylogenetic systematics are represented as branching pattern and can be determined through the analysis of characters of living or fossil organisms according to phylogenetic principles and methodology.

Explanation of Solution

In the figure, Archaea shows extensive phenotypic diversity. Archaea mainly constitutes of chemoorganotrophic or chemolithotrophic organisms. With respect to evolutionary aspect, Archaea is divided into two main phyla: Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. Crenarchaeota includes mainly hyperthermophiles. Euryarchaeota is physiologically diverse group and many of the organisms are found in extreme environmental conditions. Methanogens and extremely halophilic organisms are included in this phylum. This phylum also includes hyperthermophiles. In Eurychaeota phylum it is observed that Halobacterium which consists bacteriorhodopsin appears very late on the phylogenetic tree justifying late invention of bacteriorhodopsin. Bacteriorhodopsin helps in ATP production in Halobacterium salinarum.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 17, Problem 1AQ

Using the phylogenetic tree in Figure 17.1 as a guide, discuss what indicates that bacteriorhodopsin may have been a late evolutionary invention and that anaerobic respiration with S⁰ as electron acceptor might have been an early evolutionary invention.

Chapter 17, Problem 1AQ, Using the phylogenetic tree in Figure 17.1 as a guide, discuss what indicates that bacteriorhodopsin

Figure 17.1 Schematic representation of the phylogeny of the major taxonomic orders within the domain Archaea. Each of the five archaeal phyla and their major orders are indicated in a different color.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

The term phylogeny is defined as the history of evolution or descent of pattern of a group of organisms from their ancestors. A branching diagram known as cladogram or a phylogenetic tree conceptually represents the phylogeny. The branch that deals with systematics inferring phylogeny are known as phylogenetic systematics or cladistics. The primary goal of phylogenetic systematics is to pattern the descent of a group of organisms. The phylogenetic systematics have the main goal to determine the life history of descent. The phylogenetic systematics are represented as branching pattern and can be determined through the analysis of characters of living or fossil organisms according to phylogenetic principles and methodology.

Explanation of Solution

In the figure, Archaea shows extensive phenotypic diversity. Archaea mainly constitutes of chemoorganotrophic or chemolithotrophic organisms. With respect to evolutionary aspect, Archaea is divided into two main phyla: Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. Crenarchaeota includes mainly hyperthermophiles. Euryarchaeota is physiologically diverse group and many of the organisms are found in extreme environmental conditions. Methanogens and extremely halophilic organisms are included in this phylum. This phylum also includes hyperthermophiles. In Eurychaeota phylum it is observed that Halobacterium which consists bacteriorhodopsin appears very late on the phylogenetic tree justifying late invention of bacteriorhodopsin. Bacteriorhodopsin helps in ATP production in Halobacterium salinarum.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 17, Problem 1AQ

Using the phylogenetic tree in Figure 17.1 as a guide, discuss what indicates that bacteriorhodopsin may have been a late evolutionary invention and that anaerobic respiration with S⁰ as electron acceptor might have been an early evolutionary invention.

Chapter 17, Problem 1AQ, Using the phylogenetic tree in Figure 17.1 as a guide, discuss what indicates that bacteriorhodopsin

Figure 17.1 Schematic representation of the phylogeny of the major taxonomic orders within the domain Archaea. Each of the five archaeal phyla and their major orders are indicated in a different color.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

The term phylogeny is defined as the history of evolution or descent of pattern of a group of organisms from their ancestors. A branching diagram known as cladogram or a phylogenetic tree conceptually represents the phylogeny. The branch that deals with systematics inferring phylogeny are known as phylogenetic systematics or cladistics. The primary goal of phylogenetic systematics is to pattern the descent of a group of organisms. The phylogenetic systematics have the main goal to determine the life history of descent. The phylogenetic systematics are represented as branching pattern and can be determined through the analysis of characters of living or fossil organisms according to phylogenetic principles and methodology.

Explanation of Solution

In the figure, Archaea shows extensive phenotypic diversity. Archaea mainly constitutes of chemoorganotrophic or chemolithotrophic organisms. With respect to evolutionary aspect, Archaea is divided into two main phyla: Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. Crenarchaeota includes mainly hyperthermophiles. Euryarchaeota is physiologically diverse group and many of the organisms are found in extreme environmental conditions. Methanogens and extremely halophilic organisms are included in this phylum. This phylum also includes hyperthermophiles. In Eurychaeota phylum it is observed that Halobacterium which consists bacteriorhodopsin appears very late on the phylogenetic tree justifying late invention of bacteriorhodopsin. Bacteriorhodopsin helps in ATP production in Halobacterium salinarum.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

The term phylogeny is defined as the history of evolution or descent of pattern of a group of organisms from their ancestors. A branching diagram known as cladogram or a phylogenetic tree conceptually represents the phylogeny. The branch that deals with systematics inferring phylogeny are known as phylogenetic systematics or cladistics. The primary goal of phylogenetic systematics is to pattern the descent of a group of organisms. The phylogenetic systematics have the main goal to determine the life history of descent. The phylogenetic systematics are represented as branching pattern and can be determined through the analysis of characters of living or fossil organisms according to phylogenetic principles and methodology.

Explanation of Solution

In the figure, Archaea shows extensive phenotypic diversity. Archaea mainly constitutes of chemoorganotrophic or chemolithotrophic organisms. With respect to evolutionary aspect, Archaea is divided into two main phyla: Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. Crenarchaeota includes mainly hyperthermophiles. Euryarchaeota is physiologically diverse group and many of the organisms are found in extreme environmental conditions. Methanogens and extremely halophilic organisms are included in this phylum. This phylum also includes hyperthermophiles. In Eurychaeota phylum it is observed that Halobacterium which consists bacteriorhodopsin appears very late on the phylogenetic tree justifying late invention of bacteriorhodopsin. Bacteriorhodopsin helps in ATP production in Halobacterium salinarum.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

The term phylogeny is defined as the history of evolution or descent of pattern of a group of organisms from their ancestors. A branching diagram known as cladogram or a phylogenetic tree conceptually represents the phylogeny. The branch that deals with systematics inferring phylogeny are known as phylogenetic systematics or cladistics. The primary goal of phylogenetic systematics is to pattern the descent of a group of organisms. The phylogenetic systematics have the main goal to determine the life history of descent. The phylogenetic systematics are represented as branching pattern and can be determined through the analysis of characters of living or fossil organisms according to phylogenetic principles and methodology.

Explanation of Solution

In the figure, Archaea shows extensive phenotypic diversity. Archaea mainly constitutes of chemoorganotrophic or chemolithotrophic organisms. With respect to evolutionary aspect, Archaea is divided into two main phyla: Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. Crenarchaeota includes mainly hyperthermophiles. Euryarchaeota is physiologically diverse group and many of the organisms are found in extreme environmental conditions. Methanogens and extremely halophilic organisms are included in this phylum. This phylum also includes hyperthermophiles. In Eurychaeota phylum it is observed that Halobacterium which consists bacteriorhodopsin appears very late on the phylogenetic tree justifying late invention of bacteriorhodopsin. Bacteriorhodopsin helps in ATP production in Halobacterium salinarum.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

The term phylogeny is defined as the history of evolution or descent of pattern of a group of organisms from their ancestors. A branching diagram known as cladogram or a phylogenetic tree conceptually represents the phylogeny. The branch that deals with systematics inferring phylogeny are known as phylogenetic systematics or cladistics. The primary goal of phylogenetic systematics is to pattern the descent of a group of organisms. The phylogenetic systematics have the main goal to determine the life history of descent. The phylogenetic systematics are represented as branching pattern and can be determined through the analysis of characters of living or fossil organisms according to phylogenetic principles and methodology.

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

In the figure, Archaea shows extensive phenotypic diversity. Archaea mainly constitutes of chemoorganotrophic or chemolithotrophic organisms. With respect to evolutionary aspect, Archaea is divided into two main phyla: Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. Crenarchaeota includes mainly hyperthermophiles. Euryarchaeota is physiologically diverse group and many of the organisms are found in extreme environmental conditions. Methanogens and extremely halophilic organisms are included in this phylum. This phylum also includes hyperthermophiles. In Eurychaeota phylum it is observed that Halobacterium which consists bacteriorhodopsin appears very late on the phylogenetic tree justifying late invention of bacteriorhodopsin. Bacteriorhodopsin helps in ATP production in Halobacterium salinarum.

Answer 13

Ch. 17.1 - Since cells of Halobacterium require high levels...Ch. 17.1 - What benefit does bacteriorhodopsin confer on...Ch. 17.1 - Contrast the roles of bacteriorhodopsin,...Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 1MQ Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 2MQ Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 1CR Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 1MQ Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 2MQ Ch. 17.3 - What two major physiological features unify...Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 1MQ

Solution Summary: The author explains that phylogeny is defined as the history of evolution or descent of a group of organisms from their ancestors.

Concept explainers

Videos

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 17 Solutions