Chapter 17, Problem 17.63AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The functional groups present in lidocaine has to be identified. Also the structure of carboxylic acid and amine that are needed to form lidocaine has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Carboxylic acid: One $-OH$ group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as $RCOOH$

Amide: One $-N{H}_2$, $-NHR\text{'}$ or $-NR{\text{'}}_2$ group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as $RCONR{\text{'}}_2$.

Amide Formation: Amide is formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an amine or ammonia.

• Primary amide is produce when a carboxylic acid reacts with ammonia.
• Secondary and tertiary amide is produce when a carboxylic acid reacts with primary and secondary amine respectively.
• Ammonium salt is formed when tertiary amine and a carboxylic acid reacts forming an ionic compound with a carboxylate acid anion and a trialkyl ammonium cation since there is no hydrogen atom in trialkyl amine

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia $\left(N{H}_3\right)$ with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.

Aromatic Compounds: Compounds that are planar, cyclic and having $\left(4n+2\right)\pi$ electrons are known as aromatic compounds.