The functional groups present in lidocaine has to be identified. Also the structure of carboxylic acid and amine that are needed to form lidocaine has to be drawn. Concept Introduction: Carboxylic acid: One − O H group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as R C O O H Amide: One − N H 2 , − N H R ' or − N R ' 2 group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as R C O N R ' 2 . Amide Formation: Amide is formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an amine or ammonia. Primary amide is produce when a carboxylic acid reacts with ammonia. Secondary and tertiary amide is produce when a carboxylic acid reacts with primary and secondary amine respectively. Ammonium salt is formed when tertiary amine and a carboxylic acid reacts forming an ionic compound with a carboxylate acid anion and a trialkyl ammonium cation since there is no hydrogen atom in trialkyl amine Amines are the derivatives of ammonia ( N H 3 ) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group. Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form. Aromatic Compounds: Compounds that are planar, cyclic and having ( 4 n + 2 ) π electrons are known as aromatic compounds.

Question

The carbon-nitrogen peptide bond is rigid, but rotation can take place about the bond between the nitrogen and a-carbon atoms and the bond between the a-carbon and the carbonyl carbon atom. These bond angles define the conformation of the peptide chain. Consider the Ramachandran plot shown to answer both questions. fr (degrees) 180 120 8280 60 ° -60 Which observation most likely describes part of an observed a helix? p=-59 degrees; y = +150 degrees; many Ser residues qp=-140 degrees; w +130 degrees; many Val residues qp=-57 degrees; y = -47 degrees; many Pro residues qp=-60 degrees; y = -47 degrees; many Ala residues p = +60 degrees; y = +40 degrees; many Gly residues Which observations would not likely occur in a ẞ sheet? qp=-59 degrees; y = -49 degrees; many Ala residues qp = +60 degrees; w = +60 degrees; many Gly residues qp=-120 degrees; y = +120 degrees; many Tyr residues ☐ ☐ qp=-139 degrees; y = +135 degrees; many Val residues op=-51 degrees; w+153 degrees; many Gly and Pro…

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Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.63AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The functional groups present in lidocaine has to be identified. Also the structure of carboxylic acid and amine that are needed to form lidocaine has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

Amide: One −NH2, −NHR' or −NR'2 group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCONR'2.

Amide Formation: Amide is formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an amine or ammonia.

Primary amide is produce when a carboxylic acid reacts with ammonia.

Secondary and tertiary amide is produce when a carboxylic acid reacts with primary and secondary amine respectively.

Ammonium salt is formed when tertiary amine and a carboxylic acid reacts forming an ionic compound with a carboxylate acid anion and a trialkyl ammonium cation since there is no hydrogen atom in trialkyl amine

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.

Aromatic Compounds: Compounds that are planar, cyclic and having (4n+2)π electrons are known as aromatic compounds.

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