The exothermic reaction is spontaneous and endothermic reaction are non-spontaneous should be explained. Concept Introduction: Spontaneous reaction: A process which can take place by itself without the help of an external activity under the given set condition is called a spontaneous process. The term spontaneity simply means the feasibility of a process and the spontaneous processes are called feasible processes. Non-spontaneous reaction: A process in which one has no tendency to occur or which is forbidden and is made to occur only if external energy is continuously supplied. Exothermic reaction: The reaction which releases energy in the form of heat Endothermic reaction: The reaction in which heat energy is absorbed from the surrounding. Enthalpy ( Δ H ) :- It is defined as the sum of internal energy and the pressure-volume energy of the system. Δ H = Δ U + P Δ V Entropy ( Δ S ) :-It is defined as a measure of the disorder or randomness of the system. More the randomness , more is the entropy. Δ S = q Δ T Gibb’s free energy ( Δ G ) :- It is the amount of energy available from a system that can be converted into useful work. It is a measure of its capacity to do useful work. Δ G = Δ H − T Δ S To explain: The exothermic reaction are spontaneous and endothermic reactions are non-spontaneous.

Question

Draw product B, indicating what type of reaction occurs. F3C CF3 NH2 Me O .N. + B OMe

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.45SP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The exothermic reaction is spontaneous and endothermic reaction are non-spontaneous should be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Spontaneous reaction: A process which can take place by itself without the help of an external activity under the given set condition is called a spontaneous process. The term spontaneity simply means the feasibility of a process and the spontaneous processes are called feasible processes.

Non-spontaneous reaction: A process in which one has no tendency to occur or which is forbidden and is made to occur only if external energy is continuously supplied.

Exothermic reaction: The reaction which releases energy in the form of heat
Endothermic reaction: The reaction in which heat energy is absorbed from the surrounding.
Enthalpy $(ΔH)$ :- It is defined as the sum of internal energy and the pressure-volume energy of the system.
$ΔH=ΔU+PΔV$

Entropy $(ΔS)$ :-It is defined as a measure of the disorder or randomness of the system. More the randomness , more is the entropy.
$ΔS=qΔT$

Gibb’s free energy $(ΔG)$ :- It is the amount of energy available from a system that can be converted into useful work. It is a measure of its capacity to do useful work.
$ΔG=ΔH−TΔS$

To explain:

The exothermic reaction are spontaneous and endothermic reactions are non-spontaneous.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.45SP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The exothermic reaction is spontaneous and endothermic reaction are non-spontaneous should be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Spontaneous reaction: A process which can take place by itself without the help of an external activity under the given set condition is called a spontaneous process. The term spontaneity simply means the feasibility of a process and the spontaneous processes are called feasible processes.

Non-spontaneous reaction: A process in which one has no tendency to occur or which is forbidden and is made to occur only if external energy is continuously supplied.

Exothermic reaction: The reaction which releases energy in the form of heat
Endothermic reaction: The reaction in which heat energy is absorbed from the surrounding.
Enthalpy $(ΔH)$ :- It is defined as the sum of internal energy and the pressure-volume energy of the system.
$ΔH=ΔU+PΔV$

Entropy $(ΔS)$ :-It is defined as a measure of the disorder or randomness of the system. More the randomness , more is the entropy.
$ΔS=qΔT$

Gibb’s free energy $(ΔG)$ :- It is the amount of energy available from a system that can be converted into useful work. It is a measure of its capacity to do useful work.
$ΔG=ΔH−TΔS$

To explain:

The exothermic reaction are spontaneous and endothermic reactions are non-spontaneous.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.45SP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The exothermic reaction is spontaneous and endothermic reaction are non-spontaneous should be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Spontaneous reaction: A process which can take place by itself without the help of an external activity under the given set condition is called a spontaneous process. The term spontaneity simply means the feasibility of a process and the spontaneous processes are called feasible processes.

Non-spontaneous reaction: A process in which one has no tendency to occur or which is forbidden and is made to occur only if external energy is continuously supplied.

Exothermic reaction: The reaction which releases energy in the form of heat
Endothermic reaction: The reaction in which heat energy is absorbed from the surrounding.
Enthalpy $(ΔH)$ :- It is defined as the sum of internal energy and the pressure-volume energy of the system.
$ΔH=ΔU+PΔV$

Entropy $(ΔS)$ :-It is defined as a measure of the disorder or randomness of the system. More the randomness , more is the entropy.
$ΔS=qΔT$

Gibb’s free energy $(ΔG)$ :- It is the amount of energy available from a system that can be converted into useful work. It is a measure of its capacity to do useful work.
$ΔG=ΔH−TΔS$

To explain:

The exothermic reaction are spontaneous and endothermic reactions are non-spontaneous.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.45SP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The exothermic reaction is spontaneous and endothermic reaction are non-spontaneous should be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Spontaneous reaction: A process which can take place by itself without the help of an external activity under the given set condition is called a spontaneous process. The term spontaneity simply means the feasibility of a process and the spontaneous processes are called feasible processes.

Non-spontaneous reaction: A process in which one has no tendency to occur or which is forbidden and is made to occur only if external energy is continuously supplied.

Exothermic reaction: The reaction which releases energy in the form of heat
Endothermic reaction: The reaction in which heat energy is absorbed from the surrounding.
Enthalpy $(ΔH)$ :- It is defined as the sum of internal energy and the pressure-volume energy of the system.
$ΔH=ΔU+PΔV$

Entropy $(ΔS)$ :-It is defined as a measure of the disorder or randomness of the system. More the randomness , more is the entropy.
$ΔS=qΔT$

Gibb’s free energy $(ΔG)$ :- It is the amount of energy available from a system that can be converted into useful work. It is a measure of its capacity to do useful work.
$ΔG=ΔH−TΔS$

To explain:

The exothermic reaction are spontaneous and endothermic reactions are non-spontaneous.

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Answer 5

Chapter 17, Problem 17.45SP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The exothermic reaction is spontaneous and endothermic reaction are non-spontaneous should be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Spontaneous reaction: A process which can take place by itself without the help of an external activity under the given set condition is called a spontaneous process. The term spontaneity simply means the feasibility of a process and the spontaneous processes are called feasible processes.

Non-spontaneous reaction: A process in which one has no tendency to occur or which is forbidden and is made to occur only if external energy is continuously supplied.

Exothermic reaction: The reaction which releases energy in the form of heat
Endothermic reaction: The reaction in which heat energy is absorbed from the surrounding.
Enthalpy $(ΔH)$ :- It is defined as the sum of internal energy and the pressure-volume energy of the system.
$ΔH=ΔU+PΔV$

Entropy $(ΔS)$ :-It is defined as a measure of the disorder or randomness of the system. More the randomness , more is the entropy.
$ΔS=qΔT$

Gibb’s free energy $(ΔG)$ :- It is the amount of energy available from a system that can be converted into useful work. It is a measure of its capacity to do useful work.
$ΔG=ΔH−TΔS$

To explain:

The exothermic reaction are spontaneous and endothermic reactions are non-spontaneous.

Answer 6

Chapter 17, Problem 17.45SP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The exothermic reaction is spontaneous and endothermic reaction are non-spontaneous should be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Spontaneous reaction: A process which can take place by itself without the help of an external activity under the given set condition is called a spontaneous process. The term spontaneity simply means the feasibility of a process and the spontaneous processes are called feasible processes.

Non-spontaneous reaction: A process in which one has no tendency to occur or which is forbidden and is made to occur only if external energy is continuously supplied.

Exothermic reaction: The reaction which releases energy in the form of heat
Endothermic reaction: The reaction in which heat energy is absorbed from the surrounding.
Enthalpy $(ΔH)$ :- It is defined as the sum of internal energy and the pressure-volume energy of the system.
$ΔH=ΔU+PΔV$

Entropy $(ΔS)$ :-It is defined as a measure of the disorder or randomness of the system. More the randomness , more is the entropy.
$ΔS=qΔT$

Gibb’s free energy $(ΔG)$ :- It is the amount of energy available from a system that can be converted into useful work. It is a measure of its capacity to do useful work.
$ΔG=ΔH−TΔS$

To explain:

The exothermic reaction are spontaneous and endothermic reactions are non-spontaneous.

Answer 7

Chapter 17, Problem 17.45SP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The exothermic reaction is spontaneous and endothermic reaction are non-spontaneous should be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Spontaneous reaction: A process which can take place by itself without the help of an external activity under the given set condition is called a spontaneous process. The term spontaneity simply means the feasibility of a process and the spontaneous processes are called feasible processes.

Non-spontaneous reaction: A process in which one has no tendency to occur or which is forbidden and is made to occur only if external energy is continuously supplied.

Exothermic reaction: The reaction which releases energy in the form of heat
Endothermic reaction: The reaction in which heat energy is absorbed from the surrounding.
Enthalpy $(ΔH)$ :- It is defined as the sum of internal energy and the pressure-volume energy of the system.
$ΔH=ΔU+PΔV$

Entropy $(ΔS)$ :-It is defined as a measure of the disorder or randomness of the system. More the randomness , more is the entropy.
$ΔS=qΔT$

Gibb’s free energy $(ΔG)$ :- It is the amount of energy available from a system that can be converted into useful work. It is a measure of its capacity to do useful work.
$ΔG=ΔH−TΔS$

To explain:

The exothermic reaction are spontaneous and endothermic reactions are non-spontaneous.

Answer 8

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Answer 19

Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.1P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.2P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.3A Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.4P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.5P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.6A Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.7P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.8A Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.9P Ch. 17 - APPLY 17.10 Use the values of Hf and S in Appendix...

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