Chapter 17, Problem 17.131CP

Use the data in Appendix B to calculate ΔH°, ΔS°, and Δ°G at25 °C for each of the following reactions:

(a) $\text{2Mg}\left(\text{s}\right)+{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right)\to \text{2MgO}\left(\text{s}\right)$

(b) ${\text{MgCo}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{s}\right)\to \text{MgO}\left(\text{s}\right)+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right)$

(c) ${\text{Fe}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{s}\right)+\text{2 Al}\left(\text{s}\right)\to {\text{Al}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{s}\right)+\text{2Fe}\left(\text{s}\right)$

(d) $\text{2}{\text{NaHCO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{s}\right)\to {\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{s}\right)+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{g}\right)$

Are these reactions spontaneous or nonspontaneous at 25 °C and 1atm pressure? How does ΔG° change when the temperature is raised?