(a) Interpretation: The major product of the reaction is to be predicted. Concept introduction: Grignard reagents and alkyl lithium undergo direct addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. Along with the direct addition product, they also produce a minor amount of conjugate addition product. Alkyllithium reagents generally have a greater tendency toward 1, 2-addition to α,β- unsaturated carbonyls than Grignard reagents do. Alkyl lithium reagent produces less of the conjugate addition product. This greater selectivity of alkyl lithium reagents is explained by the greater concentration of negative charge on C. Thus, in the kinetically controlled addition of R - nucleophile, alkyl lithium reagents react faster with the carbonyl carbon than do Grignard reagents. The anion produced during direct addition is then protonated to obtain the final product.

Question

+ C8H16O2 (Fatty acid) + 11 02 → 8 CO2 a. Which of the above are the reactants? b. Which of the above are the products? H2o CO₂ c. Which reactant is the electron donor? Futty acid d. Which reactant is the electron acceptor? e. Which of the product is now reduced? f. Which of the products is now oxidized? 02 #20 102 8 H₂O g. Where was the carbon initially in this chemical reaction and where is it now that it is finished? 2 h. Where were the electrons initially in this chemical reaction and where is it now that it is finished?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.29P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The major product of the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and alkyl lithium undergo direct addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. Along with the direct addition product, they also produce a minor amount of conjugate addition product. Alkyllithium reagents generally have a greater tendency toward 1, 2-addition to α,β- unsaturated carbonyls than Grignard reagents do. Alkyl lithium reagent produces less of the conjugate addition product. This greater selectivity of alkyl lithium reagents is explained by the greater concentration of negative charge on C. Thus, in the kinetically controlled addition of R- nucleophile, alkyl lithium reagents react faster with the carbonyl carbon than do Grignard reagents. The anion produced during direct addition is then protonated to obtain the final product.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major product of the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and alkyl lithium undergo direct addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. Along with the direct addition product, they also produce a minor amount of conjugate addition product. Alkyl lithium reagents generally have a greater tendency toward 1, 2-addition to α,β- unsaturated carbonyls than Grignard reagents do. Alkyl lithium reagent produces less of the conjugate addition product. This greater selectivity of alkyl lithium reagents is explained by the greater concentration of negative charge on C. Thus, in the kinetically controlled addition of R- nucleophile, alkyl lithium reagents react faster with the carbonyl carbon than do Grignard reagents. The anion produced during direct addition is then protonated to obtain the final product.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The major product of the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and alkyl lithium undergo direct addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. Along with the direct addition product, they also produce a minor amount of conjugate addition product. Alkyl lithium reagents generally have a greater tendency toward 1, 2-addition to α,β- unsaturated carbonyls than Grignard reagents do. Alkyl lithium reagent produces less of the conjugate addition product. This greater selectivity of alkyl lithium reagents is explained by the greater concentration of negative charge on C. Thus, in the kinetically controlled addition of R- nucleophile, alkyl lithium reagents react faster with the carbonyl carbon than do Grignard reagents. The anion produced during direct addition is then protonated to obtain the final product.

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+ C8H16O2 (Fatty acid) + 11 02 → 8 CO2 a. Which of the above are the reactants? b. Which of the above are the products? H2o CO₂ c. Which reactant is the electron donor? Futty acid d. Which reactant is the electron acceptor? e. Which of the product is now reduced? f. Which of the products is now oxidized? 02 #20 102 8 H₂O g. Where was the carbon initially in this chemical reaction and where is it now that it is finished? 2 h. Where were the electrons initially in this chemical reaction and where is it now that it is finished?

→ Acetyl-CoA + 3NAD+ + 1FAD + 1ADP 2CO2 + CoA + 3NADH + 1FADH2 + 1ATP a. Which of the above are the reactants? b. Which of the above are the products? c. Which reactant is the electron donor? d. Which reactants are the electron acceptors? e. Which of the products are now reduced? f. Which product is now oxidized? g. Which process was used to produce the ATP? h. Where was the energy initially in this chemical reaction and where is it now that it is finished? i. Where was the carbon initially in this chemical reaction and where is it now that it is finished? j. Where were the electrons initially in this chemical reaction and where is it now that it is finished?

Rank each of the following substituted benzene molecules in order of which will react fastest (1) to slowest (4) by electrophilic aromatic substitution. OCH 3 (Choose one) OH (Choose one) Br (Choose one) Explanation Check NO2 (Choose one) © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | A

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.29P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The major product of the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and alkyl lithium undergo direct addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. Along with the direct addition product, they also produce a minor amount of conjugate addition product. Alkyllithium reagents generally have a greater tendency toward 1, 2-addition to α,β- unsaturated carbonyls than Grignard reagents do. Alkyl lithium reagent produces less of the conjugate addition product. This greater selectivity of alkyl lithium reagents is explained by the greater concentration of negative charge on C. Thus, in the kinetically controlled addition of R- nucleophile, alkyl lithium reagents react faster with the carbonyl carbon than do Grignard reagents. The anion produced during direct addition is then protonated to obtain the final product.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major product of the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and alkyl lithium undergo direct addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. Along with the direct addition product, they also produce a minor amount of conjugate addition product. Alkyl lithium reagents generally have a greater tendency toward 1, 2-addition to α,β- unsaturated carbonyls than Grignard reagents do. Alkyl lithium reagent produces less of the conjugate addition product. This greater selectivity of alkyl lithium reagents is explained by the greater concentration of negative charge on C. Thus, in the kinetically controlled addition of R- nucleophile, alkyl lithium reagents react faster with the carbonyl carbon than do Grignard reagents. The anion produced during direct addition is then protonated to obtain the final product.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The major product of the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and alkyl lithium undergo direct addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. Along with the direct addition product, they also produce a minor amount of conjugate addition product. Alkyl lithium reagents generally have a greater tendency toward 1, 2-addition to α,β- unsaturated carbonyls than Grignard reagents do. Alkyl lithium reagent produces less of the conjugate addition product. This greater selectivity of alkyl lithium reagents is explained by the greater concentration of negative charge on C. Thus, in the kinetically controlled addition of R- nucleophile, alkyl lithium reagents react faster with the carbonyl carbon than do Grignard reagents. The anion produced during direct addition is then protonated to obtain the final product.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.29P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The major product of the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and alkyl lithium undergo direct addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. Along with the direct addition product, they also produce a minor amount of conjugate addition product. Alkyllithium reagents generally have a greater tendency toward 1, 2-addition to α,β- unsaturated carbonyls than Grignard reagents do. Alkyl lithium reagent produces less of the conjugate addition product. This greater selectivity of alkyl lithium reagents is explained by the greater concentration of negative charge on C. Thus, in the kinetically controlled addition of R- nucleophile, alkyl lithium reagents react faster with the carbonyl carbon than do Grignard reagents. The anion produced during direct addition is then protonated to obtain the final product.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major product of the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and alkyl lithium undergo direct addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. Along with the direct addition product, they also produce a minor amount of conjugate addition product. Alkyl lithium reagents generally have a greater tendency toward 1, 2-addition to α,β- unsaturated carbonyls than Grignard reagents do. Alkyl lithium reagent produces less of the conjugate addition product. This greater selectivity of alkyl lithium reagents is explained by the greater concentration of negative charge on C. Thus, in the kinetically controlled addition of R- nucleophile, alkyl lithium reagents react faster with the carbonyl carbon than do Grignard reagents. The anion produced during direct addition is then protonated to obtain the final product.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The major product of the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and alkyl lithium undergo direct addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. Along with the direct addition product, they also produce a minor amount of conjugate addition product. Alkyl lithium reagents generally have a greater tendency toward 1, 2-addition to α,β- unsaturated carbonyls than Grignard reagents do. Alkyl lithium reagent produces less of the conjugate addition product. This greater selectivity of alkyl lithium reagents is explained by the greater concentration of negative charge on C. Thus, in the kinetically controlled addition of R- nucleophile, alkyl lithium reagents react faster with the carbonyl carbon than do Grignard reagents. The anion produced during direct addition is then protonated to obtain the final product.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.29P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The major product of the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and alkyl lithium undergo direct addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. Along with the direct addition product, they also produce a minor amount of conjugate addition product. Alkyllithium reagents generally have a greater tendency toward 1, 2-addition to α,β- unsaturated carbonyls than Grignard reagents do. Alkyl lithium reagent produces less of the conjugate addition product. This greater selectivity of alkyl lithium reagents is explained by the greater concentration of negative charge on C. Thus, in the kinetically controlled addition of R- nucleophile, alkyl lithium reagents react faster with the carbonyl carbon than do Grignard reagents. The anion produced during direct addition is then protonated to obtain the final product.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major product of the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and alkyl lithium undergo direct addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. Along with the direct addition product, they also produce a minor amount of conjugate addition product. Alkyl lithium reagents generally have a greater tendency toward 1, 2-addition to α,β- unsaturated carbonyls than Grignard reagents do. Alkyl lithium reagent produces less of the conjugate addition product. This greater selectivity of alkyl lithium reagents is explained by the greater concentration of negative charge on C. Thus, in the kinetically controlled addition of R- nucleophile, alkyl lithium reagents react faster with the carbonyl carbon than do Grignard reagents. The anion produced during direct addition is then protonated to obtain the final product.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The major product of the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and alkyl lithium undergo direct addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. Along with the direct addition product, they also produce a minor amount of conjugate addition product. Alkyl lithium reagents generally have a greater tendency toward 1, 2-addition to α,β- unsaturated carbonyls than Grignard reagents do. Alkyl lithium reagent produces less of the conjugate addition product. This greater selectivity of alkyl lithium reagents is explained by the greater concentration of negative charge on C. Thus, in the kinetically controlled addition of R- nucleophile, alkyl lithium reagents react faster with the carbonyl carbon than do Grignard reagents. The anion produced during direct addition is then protonated to obtain the final product.

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Answer 5

Chapter 17, Problem 17.29P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The major product of the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and alkyl lithium undergo direct addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. Along with the direct addition product, they also produce a minor amount of conjugate addition product. Alkyllithium reagents generally have a greater tendency toward 1, 2-addition to α,β- unsaturated carbonyls than Grignard reagents do. Alkyl lithium reagent produces less of the conjugate addition product. This greater selectivity of alkyl lithium reagents is explained by the greater concentration of negative charge on C. Thus, in the kinetically controlled addition of R- nucleophile, alkyl lithium reagents react faster with the carbonyl carbon than do Grignard reagents. The anion produced during direct addition is then protonated to obtain the final product.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major product of the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and alkyl lithium undergo direct addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. Along with the direct addition product, they also produce a minor amount of conjugate addition product. Alkyl lithium reagents generally have a greater tendency toward 1, 2-addition to α,β- unsaturated carbonyls than Grignard reagents do. Alkyl lithium reagent produces less of the conjugate addition product. This greater selectivity of alkyl lithium reagents is explained by the greater concentration of negative charge on C. Thus, in the kinetically controlled addition of R- nucleophile, alkyl lithium reagents react faster with the carbonyl carbon than do Grignard reagents. The anion produced during direct addition is then protonated to obtain the final product.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The major product of the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and alkyl lithium undergo direct addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. Along with the direct addition product, they also produce a minor amount of conjugate addition product. Alkyl lithium reagents generally have a greater tendency toward 1, 2-addition to α,β- unsaturated carbonyls than Grignard reagents do. Alkyl lithium reagent produces less of the conjugate addition product. This greater selectivity of alkyl lithium reagents is explained by the greater concentration of negative charge on C. Thus, in the kinetically controlled addition of R- nucleophile, alkyl lithium reagents react faster with the carbonyl carbon than do Grignard reagents. The anion produced during direct addition is then protonated to obtain the final product.

Answer 6

Chapter 17, Problem 17.29P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The major product of the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and alkyl lithium undergo direct addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. Along with the direct addition product, they also produce a minor amount of conjugate addition product. Alkyllithium reagents generally have a greater tendency toward 1, 2-addition to α,β- unsaturated carbonyls than Grignard reagents do. Alkyl lithium reagent produces less of the conjugate addition product. This greater selectivity of alkyl lithium reagents is explained by the greater concentration of negative charge on C. Thus, in the kinetically controlled addition of R- nucleophile, alkyl lithium reagents react faster with the carbonyl carbon than do Grignard reagents. The anion produced during direct addition is then protonated to obtain the final product.

Answer 7

Chapter 17, Problem 17.29P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The major product of the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and alkyl lithium undergo direct addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. Along with the direct addition product, they also produce a minor amount of conjugate addition product. Alkyllithium reagents generally have a greater tendency toward 1, 2-addition to α,β- unsaturated carbonyls than Grignard reagents do. Alkyl lithium reagent produces less of the conjugate addition product. This greater selectivity of alkyl lithium reagents is explained by the greater concentration of negative charge on C. Thus, in the kinetically controlled addition of R- nucleophile, alkyl lithium reagents react faster with the carbonyl carbon than do Grignard reagents. The anion produced during direct addition is then protonated to obtain the final product.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major product of the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and alkyl lithium undergo direct addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. Along with the direct addition product, they also produce a minor amount of conjugate addition product. Alkyl lithium reagents generally have a greater tendency toward 1, 2-addition to α,β- unsaturated carbonyls than Grignard reagents do. Alkyl lithium reagent produces less of the conjugate addition product. This greater selectivity of alkyl lithium reagents is explained by the greater concentration of negative charge on C. Thus, in the kinetically controlled addition of R- nucleophile, alkyl lithium reagents react faster with the carbonyl carbon than do Grignard reagents. The anion produced during direct addition is then protonated to obtain the final product.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major product of the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and alkyl lithium undergo direct addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. Along with the direct addition product, they also produce a minor amount of conjugate addition product. Alkyl lithium reagents generally have a greater tendency toward 1, 2-addition to α,β- unsaturated carbonyls than Grignard reagents do. Alkyl lithium reagent produces less of the conjugate addition product. This greater selectivity of alkyl lithium reagents is explained by the greater concentration of negative charge on C. Thus, in the kinetically controlled addition of R- nucleophile, alkyl lithium reagents react faster with the carbonyl carbon than do Grignard reagents. The anion produced during direct addition is then protonated to obtain the final product.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The major product of the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and alkyl lithium undergo direct addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. Along with the direct addition product, they also produce a minor amount of conjugate addition product. Alkyl lithium reagents generally have a greater tendency toward 1, 2-addition to α,β- unsaturated carbonyls than Grignard reagents do. Alkyl lithium reagent produces less of the conjugate addition product. This greater selectivity of alkyl lithium reagents is explained by the greater concentration of negative charge on C. Thus, in the kinetically controlled addition of R- nucleophile, alkyl lithium reagents react faster with the carbonyl carbon than do Grignard reagents. The anion produced during direct addition is then protonated to obtain the final product.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The major product of the reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and alkyl lithium undergo direct addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. Along with the direct addition product, they also produce a minor amount of conjugate addition product. Alkyl lithium reagents generally have a greater tendency toward 1, 2-addition to α,β- unsaturated carbonyls than Grignard reagents do. Alkyl lithium reagent produces less of the conjugate addition product. This greater selectivity of alkyl lithium reagents is explained by the greater concentration of negative charge on C. Thus, in the kinetically controlled addition of R- nucleophile, alkyl lithium reagents react faster with the carbonyl carbon than do Grignard reagents. The anion produced during direct addition is then protonated to obtain the final product.

Answer 12

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Answer 23

Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.1P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.2P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.3P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.4P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.5P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.6P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.7P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.8P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.9P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that Grignard reagents and alkyl lithium undergo direct addition to,-unsaturated carbonyls.

Chapter 17 Solutions