(a)
Interpretation:
The expression for
Concept introduction:
A mathematical function represents the way in which its value depends on some variable. A function can contain some variables and constants. The term multiplied by a variable is called its coefficient. When derivative of a function is taken with respect to a variable, then the terms that only contain other variables are considered as zero.

Answer to Problem 17.21E
The expression for
The given expressions are verified as shown below.
Explanation of Solution
The given function
Where,
•
•
The expanded form of the equation (1) is represented as,
Derivate equation (2) with respect to
The term
Derivate equation (2) with respect to
The term
Derivate equation (2) with respect to
The term
Therefore, the given expressions are verified.
The expression for
The given expressions are verified.
(b)
Interpretation:
The general expression for the derivative of
Concept introduction:
A mathematical function represents the way in which its value depends on some variable. A function can contain some variables and constants. The term multiplied by a variable is called its coefficient. When derivative of a function is taken with respect to a variable, then the terms that only contain other variables are considered as zero.

Answer to Problem 17.21E
A general expression for the derivative of
Where,
•
The general expression for the derivative of
In the given expression it was assumed that for a large system
Explanation of Solution
The given function
Where,
•
•
A general expression for the derivative of
Where,
•
The given equation
Where,
•
•
•
•
•
The expression from which equation
For a large number, it is assumed that
The term
The general expression for the derivative of
A general expression for the derivative of
Where,
•
The general expression for the derivative of
In the given expression it was assumed that for a large system
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Chapter 17 Solutions
Student Solutions Manual for Ball's Physical Chemistry, 2nd
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- Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. Drawing Arrows THE Problem 33 of 35 N. C:0 Na + Submit Drag To Pan +arrow_forwardDraw the product of the E2 reaction shown below. Include the correct stereochemistry. Ignore and inorganic byproducts.arrow_forwardDraw the major producrs of this SN1 reaction. Ignore any inorganic byproducts. Use a dash or wedge bond to indicate the sereochemistry of substituents on asymmetric centers where appllicable.arrow_forward
- 5) Oxaloacetic Acid is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of citric acid. Synthesize oxaloacetic acid using a mixed Claisen Condensation reaction with two different esters and a sodium ethoxide base. Give your answer as a scheme Hint 1: Your final acid product is producing using a decarboxylation reaction. Hint 2: Look up the structure of oxalic acid. HO all OH oxaloacetic acidarrow_forward20. The Brusselator. This hypothetical system was first proposed by a group work- ing in Brussels [see Prigogine and Lefever (1968)] in connection with spatially nonuniform chemical patterns. Because certain steps involve trimolecular reac tions, it is not a model of any real chemical system but rather a prototype that has been studied extensively. The reaction steps are A-X. B+X-Y+D. 2X+ Y-3X, X-E. 305 It is assumed that concentrations of A, B, D, and E are kept artificially con stant so that only X and Y vary with time. (a) Show that if all rate constants are chosen appropriately, the equations de scribing a Brusselator are: dt A-(B+ 1)x + x²y, dy =Bx-x²y. diarrow_forwardProblem 3. Provide a mechanism for the following transformation: H₂SO A Me. Me Me Me Mearrow_forward
- You are trying to decide if there is a single reagent you can add that will make the following synthesis possible without any other major side products: xi 1. ☑ 2. H₂O хе i Draw the missing reagent X you think will make this synthesis work in the drawing area below. If there is no reagent that will make your desired product in good yield or without complications, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. There is no reagent that will make this synthesis work without complications. : ☐ S ☐arrow_forwardPredict the major products of this organic reaction: H OH 1. LiAlH4 2. H₂O ? Note: be sure you use dash and wedge bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. G C टेarrow_forwardFor each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new C-C bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. NH2 CI MgCl ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No MgBr ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No G टेarrow_forward
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