Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The hybridization of carbon atoms of triple bonds is to be predicted.
Concept introduction: Hybridization is the combination of two or more atomic orbitals to form the same number of hybrid orbitals, each having the same shape and energy. Number of groups around the atom is equal to number of the number of orbitals hybridized to give hybrid atomic orbitals.
(b)
Interpretation: The type of orbital in which the pi electrons of the triple bond resides is to be predicted.
Concept introduction: Hybridization is the combination of two or more atomic orbitals to form the same number of hybrid orbitals, each having the same shape and energy. Number of groups around the atom is equal to number of the number of orbitals hybridized to give hybrid atomic orbitals.
(c)
Interpretation: The number of pi electrons that are delocalized in compound A is to be determined.
Concept introduction: A molecule must be cyclic, planar, completely conjugated and should follow
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- (a) Structure A shown below is a badly drawn organic molecule HO- CH3 COOH H A Explain, with reference to orbital hybridisation, why structure A is incorrect. Draw a correct representation of the structure. (i) (ii) Give the IUPAC name for structure A and show how you determined it.arrow_forwardThere are two C–C single bonds in penta-1,3-diyne. (a) Which of those bonds would you expect to be stronger? (b) Which of those bonds would you expect to be shorter? (c) The molecule is moderately polar, with a dipole moment of 1.37 D. In which direction would you expect the dipole moment to point? Explain. Penta-1,3-diynearrow_forwardDraw and identity thr hybridized atoms (sp/sp2), draw reaonance structures/ polar bonds, and acidic hydrogens and basic positions for the compound Omeprazole.arrow_forward
- Draw all constitutional isomers with molecular formula C2H6S, and rank them in terms of increasing acidity. Draw the less acidic isomer as "Isomer 1", and the more acidic as "Isomer 2". Include lone pairs and formal charges.arrow_forward1. (a) Describe aromaticity, Kekule structure and resonance structure for benzene. (b) Why is benzene more stable than aliphatic alkenes?arrow_forwardHow many rings and π(pi) bonds are contained in compound A and draw one possible structure for this compound A. Compound A has molecular formula C6H10 and is hydrogenated to a compound having molecular formula C6H12arrow_forward
- Acridine is a heterocyclic aromatic compound obtained from coal tar that is used in the synthesis of dyes. The molecular formula of acridine is C13H9N, and its ring system is analogous to that of anthracene except that one CH group has been replaced by N. The two most stable resonance structures of acridine are equivalent to each other, and both contain a pyridine-like structural unit. Write a structural formula for acridine.arrow_forwardRizatriptan (trade name Maxalt) is a prescription drug used for the treatment of migraines. (a) How many aromatic rings does rizatriptan contain? (b) Determine the hybridization of each N atom. (c) In what type of orbital does the lone pair on each N reside? (d) Draw all the resonance structures for rizatriptan that contain only neutral atoms. (e) Draw all reasonable resonance structures for the five-membered ring that contains three N atoms.arrow_forwardRizatriptan (trade name Maxalt) is a prescription drug used for the treatment of migraines. (a) How many aromatic rings does rizatriptan contain? (b) Determine the hybridization of each N atom. (c) In what type of orbital does the lone pair on each N reside? (d) Draw all the resonance structures for rizatriptan that contain only neutral atoms. (e) Draw all reasonable resonance structures for the five-membered ring that contains three N atoms.arrow_forward
- a) Classify the following compounds as aromatic, antiaromatic, or nonaromatic. Give reasons for each answer.arrow_forwardFor each highlighted carbon identify what type of orbitals it has and how many of each. Then predict the approximate bond angle about each highlighted carbon.arrow_forwardDetermine the weakest C-C bond in each of the compounds in Problem 25.32.arrow_forward