The compound that gives a signal between 6 and 7ppm in the 1 H NMR spectrum is to be predicted. Concept Introduction : Chemical shift : The frequency of the proton signal in the spectrum with reference to the standard compound which may be TMS (Tetramethylsilane) shows signal at 0 ppm (parts per million). The frequency of absorption of protons from the reference proton which depends on the various factors like inductive effect, anisotropic effect, diamagnetic effect etc... Chemical shift = signal frequency- reference frequency frequency of spectrometer ( 10 6 ) Inductive effect : Generally, an electronegative atom pulls the electron density from its neighbor atoms causing the less electron cloud around those atoms is known as inductive effect and those atoms experience the strong external magnetic field; the resonance (energy) gap between spin states increases which absorbs the higher radio frequency and gets shift in order to the reference proton. Anisotropic effect : The chemical shift of protons affected by the motion of nearby π- electrons which characterized by the external magnetic field. The motion of nearby π- electrons generates an induced magnetic field that affects the chemical shift value of subjected protons. Bench mark values : The chemical shift values to remember for the protons below Methyl 0 .9 (chemical shift) Methylene 1 .2 (chemical shift) Methine 1 .7 (chemical shift) Inductive effect : The presence of functional groups at the alpha position has impact on the protons FUNCTIONAL GROUP EFFECT ON THE ALPHA PROTONS EFFECT ON THE BETA PROTONS Oxygen of an alcohol or ether +2 .5 +0 .5 Oxygen of ester +3 .0 +0 .6 Carbonyl groups +1 .0 +0 .2

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16.5, Problem 8ATS

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The compound that gives a signal between 6 and 7ppm in the ¹H NMR spectrum is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Chemical shift: The frequency of the proton signal in the spectrum with reference to the standard compound which may be TMS (Tetramethylsilane) shows signal at 0 ppm (parts per million). The frequency of absorption of protons from the reference proton which depends on the various factors like inductive effect, anisotropic effect, diamagnetic effect etc...

Chemical shift = signal frequency- reference frequencyfrequency of spectrometer(106)

Inductive effect: Generally, an electronegative atom pulls the electron density from its neighbor atoms causing the less electron cloud around those atoms is known as inductive effect and those atoms experience the strong external magnetic field; the resonance (energy) gap between spin states increases which absorbs the higher radio frequency and gets shift in order to the reference proton.

Anisotropic effect: The chemical shift of protons affected by the motion of nearby π- electrons which characterized by the external magnetic field. The motion of nearby π- electrons generates an induced magnetic field that affects the chemical shift value of subjected protons.

Bench mark values: The chemical shift values to remember for the protons below

Methyl 0.9 (chemical shift)
Methylene 1.2 (chemical shift)
Methine 1.7 (chemical shift)

Inductive effect: The presence of functional groups at the alpha position has impact on the protons

FUNCTIONAL GROUP EFFECT ON THE ALPHA PROTONS EFFECT ON THE BETA PROTONS
Oxygen of an alcohol or ether +2.5 +0.5
Oxygen of ester +3.0 +0.6
Carbonyl groups +1.0 +0.2

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6. Consider the following exothermic reaction below. 2Cu2+(aq) +41 (aq)2Cul(s) + 12(aq) a. If Cul is added, there will be a shift left/shift right/no shift (circle one). b. If Cu2+ is added, there will be a shift left/shift right/no shift (circle one). c. If a solution of AgNO3 is added, there will be a shift left/shift right/no shift (circle one). d. If the solvent hexane (C6H14) is added, there will be a shift left/shift right/no shift (circle one). Hint: one of the reaction species is more soluble in hexane than in water. e. If the reaction is cooled, there will be a shift left/shift right/no shift (circle one). f. Which of the changes above will change the equilibrium constant, K?

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16.5, Problem 8ATS

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The compound that gives a signal between 6 and 7ppm in the ¹H NMR spectrum is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Chemical shift: The frequency of the proton signal in the spectrum with reference to the standard compound which may be TMS (Tetramethylsilane) shows signal at 0 ppm (parts per million). The frequency of absorption of protons from the reference proton which depends on the various factors like inductive effect, anisotropic effect, diamagnetic effect etc...

Chemical shift = signal frequency- reference frequencyfrequency of spectrometer(106)

Inductive effect: Generally, an electronegative atom pulls the electron density from its neighbor atoms causing the less electron cloud around those atoms is known as inductive effect and those atoms experience the strong external magnetic field; the resonance (energy) gap between spin states increases which absorbs the higher radio frequency and gets shift in order to the reference proton.

Anisotropic effect: The chemical shift of protons affected by the motion of nearby π- electrons which characterized by the external magnetic field. The motion of nearby π- electrons generates an induced magnetic field that affects the chemical shift value of subjected protons.

Bench mark values: The chemical shift values to remember for the protons below

Methyl 0.9 (chemical shift)
Methylene 1.2 (chemical shift)
Methine 1.7 (chemical shift)

Inductive effect: The presence of functional groups at the alpha position has impact on the protons

FUNCTIONAL GROUP EFFECT ON THE ALPHA PROTONS EFFECT ON THE BETA PROTONS
Oxygen of an alcohol or ether +2.5 +0.5
Oxygen of ester +3.0 +0.6
Carbonyl groups +1.0 +0.2

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16.5, Problem 8ATS

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The compound that gives a signal between 6 and 7ppm in the ¹H NMR spectrum is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Chemical shift: The frequency of the proton signal in the spectrum with reference to the standard compound which may be TMS (Tetramethylsilane) shows signal at 0 ppm (parts per million). The frequency of absorption of protons from the reference proton which depends on the various factors like inductive effect, anisotropic effect, diamagnetic effect etc...

Chemical shift = signal frequency- reference frequencyfrequency of spectrometer(106)

Inductive effect: Generally, an electronegative atom pulls the electron density from its neighbor atoms causing the less electron cloud around those atoms is known as inductive effect and those atoms experience the strong external magnetic field; the resonance (energy) gap between spin states increases which absorbs the higher radio frequency and gets shift in order to the reference proton.

Anisotropic effect: The chemical shift of protons affected by the motion of nearby π- electrons which characterized by the external magnetic field. The motion of nearby π- electrons generates an induced magnetic field that affects the chemical shift value of subjected protons.

Bench mark values: The chemical shift values to remember for the protons below

Methyl 0.9 (chemical shift)
Methylene 1.2 (chemical shift)
Methine 1.7 (chemical shift)

Inductive effect: The presence of functional groups at the alpha position has impact on the protons

FUNCTIONAL GROUP EFFECT ON THE ALPHA PROTONS EFFECT ON THE BETA PROTONS
Oxygen of an alcohol or ether +2.5 +0.5
Oxygen of ester +3.0 +0.6
Carbonyl groups +1.0 +0.2

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16.5, Problem 8ATS

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The compound that gives a signal between 6 and 7ppm in the ¹H NMR spectrum is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Chemical shift: The frequency of the proton signal in the spectrum with reference to the standard compound which may be TMS (Tetramethylsilane) shows signal at 0 ppm (parts per million). The frequency of absorption of protons from the reference proton which depends on the various factors like inductive effect, anisotropic effect, diamagnetic effect etc...

Chemical shift = signal frequency- reference frequencyfrequency of spectrometer(106)

Inductive effect: Generally, an electronegative atom pulls the electron density from its neighbor atoms causing the less electron cloud around those atoms is known as inductive effect and those atoms experience the strong external magnetic field; the resonance (energy) gap between spin states increases which absorbs the higher radio frequency and gets shift in order to the reference proton.

Anisotropic effect: The chemical shift of protons affected by the motion of nearby π- electrons which characterized by the external magnetic field. The motion of nearby π- electrons generates an induced magnetic field that affects the chemical shift value of subjected protons.

Bench mark values: The chemical shift values to remember for the protons below

Methyl 0.9 (chemical shift)
Methylene 1.2 (chemical shift)
Methine 1.7 (chemical shift)

Inductive effect: The presence of functional groups at the alpha position has impact on the protons

FUNCTIONAL GROUP EFFECT ON THE ALPHA PROTONS EFFECT ON THE BETA PROTONS
Oxygen of an alcohol or ether +2.5 +0.5
Oxygen of ester +3.0 +0.6
Carbonyl groups +1.0 +0.2

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Answer 5

Chapter 16.5, Problem 8ATS

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The compound that gives a signal between 6 and 7ppm in the ¹H NMR spectrum is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Chemical shift: The frequency of the proton signal in the spectrum with reference to the standard compound which may be TMS (Tetramethylsilane) shows signal at 0 ppm (parts per million). The frequency of absorption of protons from the reference proton which depends on the various factors like inductive effect, anisotropic effect, diamagnetic effect etc...

Chemical shift = signal frequency- reference frequencyfrequency of spectrometer(106)

Inductive effect: Generally, an electronegative atom pulls the electron density from its neighbor atoms causing the less electron cloud around those atoms is known as inductive effect and those atoms experience the strong external magnetic field; the resonance (energy) gap between spin states increases which absorbs the higher radio frequency and gets shift in order to the reference proton.

Anisotropic effect: The chemical shift of protons affected by the motion of nearby π- electrons which characterized by the external magnetic field. The motion of nearby π- electrons generates an induced magnetic field that affects the chemical shift value of subjected protons.

Bench mark values: The chemical shift values to remember for the protons below

Methyl 0.9 (chemical shift)
Methylene 1.2 (chemical shift)
Methine 1.7 (chemical shift)

Inductive effect: The presence of functional groups at the alpha position has impact on the protons

FUNCTIONAL GROUP EFFECT ON THE ALPHA PROTONS EFFECT ON THE BETA PROTONS
Oxygen of an alcohol or ether +2.5 +0.5
Oxygen of ester +3.0 +0.6
Carbonyl groups +1.0 +0.2

Answer 6

Chapter 16.5, Problem 8ATS

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The compound that gives a signal between 6 and 7ppm in the ¹H NMR spectrum is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Chemical shift: The frequency of the proton signal in the spectrum with reference to the standard compound which may be TMS (Tetramethylsilane) shows signal at 0 ppm (parts per million). The frequency of absorption of protons from the reference proton which depends on the various factors like inductive effect, anisotropic effect, diamagnetic effect etc...

Chemical shift = signal frequency- reference frequencyfrequency of spectrometer(106)

Inductive effect: Generally, an electronegative atom pulls the electron density from its neighbor atoms causing the less electron cloud around those atoms is known as inductive effect and those atoms experience the strong external magnetic field; the resonance (energy) gap between spin states increases which absorbs the higher radio frequency and gets shift in order to the reference proton.

Anisotropic effect: The chemical shift of protons affected by the motion of nearby π- electrons which characterized by the external magnetic field. The motion of nearby π- electrons generates an induced magnetic field that affects the chemical shift value of subjected protons.

Bench mark values: The chemical shift values to remember for the protons below

Methyl 0.9 (chemical shift)
Methylene 1.2 (chemical shift)
Methine 1.7 (chemical shift)

Inductive effect: The presence of functional groups at the alpha position has impact on the protons

FUNCTIONAL GROUP EFFECT ON THE ALPHA PROTONS EFFECT ON THE BETA PROTONS
Oxygen of an alcohol or ether +2.5 +0.5
Oxygen of ester +3.0 +0.6
Carbonyl groups +1.0 +0.2

Answer 7

Chapter 16.5, Problem 8ATS

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The compound that gives a signal between 6 and 7ppm in the ¹H NMR spectrum is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Chemical shift: The frequency of the proton signal in the spectrum with reference to the standard compound which may be TMS (Tetramethylsilane) shows signal at 0 ppm (parts per million). The frequency of absorption of protons from the reference proton which depends on the various factors like inductive effect, anisotropic effect, diamagnetic effect etc...

Chemical shift = signal frequency- reference frequencyfrequency of spectrometer(106)

Inductive effect: Generally, an electronegative atom pulls the electron density from its neighbor atoms causing the less electron cloud around those atoms is known as inductive effect and those atoms experience the strong external magnetic field; the resonance (energy) gap between spin states increases which absorbs the higher radio frequency and gets shift in order to the reference proton.

Anisotropic effect: The chemical shift of protons affected by the motion of nearby π- electrons which characterized by the external magnetic field. The motion of nearby π- electrons generates an induced magnetic field that affects the chemical shift value of subjected protons.

Bench mark values: The chemical shift values to remember for the protons below

Methyl 0.9 (chemical shift)
Methylene 1.2 (chemical shift)
Methine 1.7 (chemical shift)

Inductive effect: The presence of functional groups at the alpha position has impact on the protons

FUNCTIONAL GROUP EFFECT ON THE ALPHA PROTONS EFFECT ON THE BETA PROTONS
Oxygen of an alcohol or ether +2.5 +0.5
Oxygen of ester +3.0 +0.6
Carbonyl groups +1.0 +0.2

Answer 8

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Answer 9

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Answer 10

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Answer 11

Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 1PTS Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 2ATS Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 3ATS Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 2LTS Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 4PTS Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 5ATS Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 6ATS Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 3LTS Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 7PTS

Methyl	0.9 (chemical shift)
Methylene	1.2 (chemical shift)
Methine	1.7 (chemical shift)

FUNCTIONAL GROUP	EFFECT ON THE ALPHA PROTONS	EFFECT ON THE BETA PROTONS
Oxygen of an alcohol or ether	+2.5	+0.5
Oxygen of ester	+3.0	+0.6
Carbonyl groups	+1.0	+0.2

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