Chapter 16.5, Problem 31LO

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which the utricle and saccule detect static equilibrium and linear movements of the head and the semicircular ducts function to detect rotational movement of the head.

Concept introduction: The awareness and monitoring of the head position refers to equilibrium. The equilibrium of the individual is monitored and adjusted by sensory receptors that include utricle, saccule, and semicircular ducts. These three structures are collectively known as vestibular apparatus. The brain receives the sensory inputs given by the sensory receptors. This sensory input, visual sensory input, and proprioceptor sensory input integrate with each other to balance the equilibrium.