Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 16.3, Problem 1TC
A team of phys clans treated four patients with breast cancer. Each patient received a course of chemotherapy (the same combination of drugs for each patient). In addition, researchers sequenced the genotype of cells in healthy skin tissue and in each patient's tumor at intervals during the treatment period. At the end of the course of treatment, all four patients were declared free of detectable cancer. But within 18 months, three of the patients had suffered a relapse. The researchers sequenced samples from the new tumors. If you compared the genetic information from the four patients, what kind of difference might you expect to find between the cured patient and the ones who suffered relapses? How might the theory of evolution by natural selection explain the difference?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
1)
A) List 15 drugs (monoclonal antibodies can be used) used clinically to treat cancer in humans. These targets must be signal transduction pathway components.
B) For each drug, list the specific protein targeted.
C) For each drug, describe the efficacy of treatment (i.e. what is the success rate in life extension) as well as appropriate cost of treatment whether it be per round or an average annual cost.
A question that puzzled scientists was that how chemical carcinogens caused cancer. The
experiment given below was done to solve this question. Explain the experiment done
and its conclusion.
formation of a
focus of morphologically
transformed cells
normal
chemically
transformed
mouse fibroblasts
DNA
DNA -
injection of
morphologically
transformed cells into
mouse
fibroblasts
transfection using
calcium phosphate
co-precipitation procedure
mouse host
tumor
Figure 4.1 The Biology of Cancer (O Garland Science 2014)
HE
If the cancer vaccine can elicit an inmmune response against the targets found on tumor cells, is there a way to use a vector to distinguish the same targets found on normal healthy cells?
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 16.1 - define evolution in terms of concepts from...Ch. 16.1 - define equilibrium population and describe the...Ch. 16.2 - If it were true that mutations do occur in...Ch. 16.2 - Explain how the distribution of genotypes in...Ch. 16.2 - A flu vaccination stimulates your immune system to...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 3TCCh. 16.2 - If a population grows large again after a...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 5TCCh. 16.2 - Evolution of a Menace The mutant alleles that...Ch. 16.2 - describe how mutation, gene flow, genetic drift,...
Ch. 16.3 - A team of phys clans treated four patients with...Ch. 16.3 - If we studied a population of bighorn sheep and...Ch. 16.3 - When selection is directional, is there any limit...Ch. 16.3 - describe why selection of phenotypes can affect...Ch. 16.3 - explain how competition and predation influence...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 16.3 - compare and contrast directional selection,...Ch. 16.3 - Microbiologists have discovered that alleles...Ch. 16 - The alleles responsible for antibiotic resistance...Ch. 16 - Stabilizing selection on a trait tends to a. make...Ch. 16 - An adaptation is a. any trait that arises from a...Ch. 16 - Which of the following statements about mutations...Ch. 16 - Genetic drift occurs a. when different phenotypes...Ch. 16 - The ______ provides a simple mathematical model...Ch. 16 - Different versions of the same gene are called...Ch. 16 - An organisms ______ refers to the specific alleles...Ch. 16 - A random form of evolution is called ________....Ch. 16 - Competition is most Intense between members of...Ch. 16 - The evolutionary fitness of an organism is...Ch. 16 - What is a gene pool? How would you determine the...Ch. 16 - Define equilibrium population. Outline the...Ch. 16 - How does population size affect the likelihood of...Ch. 16 - If you measured the allele frequencies of a gene...Ch. 16 - People like to say that you cant prove a negative....Ch. 16 - Describe the three ways in which natural selection...Ch. 16 - What is sexual selection? How is sexual selection...Ch. 16 - In North America, the average height of adult...Ch. 16 - By the 1940s, the whooping crane population had...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- /20. In class, we discussed diffferent types of genetic change that can cause a normal gene (proto- oncogene) to become a cancer-causing gene (oncogene), Which of the following would not be a cause? A) translocation or transposition (movement of DNA within the same genome) B) gene ampliffication (increased number of copies of a given gene) C) epigenetic change D) point mutation that changes the gene's product E) loss of telomeres during DNA replication ancer?arrow_forwardPart A and B A. What is the normal function of the Rb protein? A) Rb prevents the cell cycle from proceeding unless the cell is prepared to do so B) Rb causes cells to undergo apoptosis C) Rb promotes Cdk activation D) Each of the other selections is true E) Rb repairs damaged DNA B. How do tumors arise? A) When cell proliferation occurs at a higher rate than cell death B) When someone is infected with a tumor from another person C) When cell death occurs at a very high rate D) When cell proliferation occurs at a very low ratearrow_forwardWhat percentage of cells in an organ or a tissue need toexpress a therapeutic gene to alleviate the effects of agenetic disorder?arrow_forward
- one question with multiple parts! 1A) If you were a cancer biologist interested in developing new drugs that will slow down cancer cell metastasis, which of the following strategies would be most effective? a)Develop an activator of mitosis b)Make Her2 protein that is more active on the surface of the cancer cells c) Develop a molecule that increases telomerase activity d) Gene therapy to add a mutated p53 gene to the cancer cells 1B) You are a genetic counsellor, and a couple comes to you with concerns that if they have a child together the child could have the X-linked recessive disease Duchene muscular dystrophy. The man has the disease whereas the woman is a carrier. Which of the following would be a true statement to tell them? a) 100% of their male offspring will likely be carriers of the recessive allele that causes the disease b) 75% of their female offspring will likely be carriers of the recessive allele that causes the disease c) 100% of their male offspring will likely…arrow_forwardwhat technique was used to figure out if some Tasmanian devils would be more likely to survive the transmissible cancer reducing their numbers? - RNA-seq - GWAS - de novo sequencing - deep sequencingarrow_forwardIf improved diagnostic tests are developed from this project, is the effort worth it if the cancers diagnosed have no treatment available?arrow_forward
- b) What is one reason that it is challenging to treat cancer?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements correctly describes a characteristic of tumor-suppressor gene? a) they are frequently overexpressed in cancerous cells. b) they are cancer-causing genes introduced into cells by viruses. c) they encode proteins that help prevent uncontrolled cell growth. d) they often encode proteins that stimulate the cell cycle.arrow_forwardThe "initiation" stage of cancer refers to: a) The stage where DNA is mutated, and permanent DNA damage occurs b) The stage during which the mutated cells develop into a malignant cell population c) The stage during which "promoters" enhance the further development of the mutated cells d) The stage during which cancer breaks away from the primary origin and metastasizesarrow_forward
- you have isolated a specific terminally differentiated cell type from a patient for stem cell therapy.why didn't you choose to isolate some adult stem cells and what's the best cellular potency level you will be able to acheive and how?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is an enabling characteristic for cancer that can increase the likelihood of both passenger and driver mutations? a) Increased angiogenesis O b) Tumor-promoting inflammation O c) Avoiding immune destruction O d) Genome instability acerarrow_forwardGive 4 examples of transcription factors / non-structural proteins you have learned in this course? Identify the most commonly used technique for diagnosing COVID-19? And the clinical sample for each technique. …….…… virus can cause encephalitis, cancer, sexually transmitted disease, infect external genitalia, mucosal surfaces, gladiatorum, and/or other diseases. How can the infection with this virus be avoided? Suggest two ways of prevention or to destroy the virus.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
What are Mutations and what are the different types of Mutations?; Author: Science ABC;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I16YlE8qTBU;License: Standard youtube license