What supplies the free energy needed to ensure unidirectional movement along the microtubule. Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 9P

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: What supplies the free energy needed to ensure unidirectional movement along the microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

B.

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The average rate of movement of kinesin along the microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

C.

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The length of each step that a kinesin takes as it moves along a microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

D.

Summary Introduction

To explain: How a kinesin molecule moves along a microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

E.

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The number of ATP molecules that can be hydrolyzed from given data.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

a. What percentage of a drug is eliminated after 4 half-lives? Please round to the nearest percent. b. What will happen to elimination of the drug in the previous question if the system is saturated? explain and show any math involved

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 9P

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: What supplies the free energy needed to ensure unidirectional movement along the microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

B.

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The average rate of movement of kinesin along the microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

C.

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The length of each step that a kinesin takes as it moves along a microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

D.

Summary Introduction

To explain: How a kinesin molecule moves along a microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

E.

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The number of ATP molecules that can be hydrolyzed from given data.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 9P

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: What supplies the free energy needed to ensure unidirectional movement along the microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

B.

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The average rate of movement of kinesin along the microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

C.

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The length of each step that a kinesin takes as it moves along a microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

D.

Summary Introduction

To explain: How a kinesin molecule moves along a microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

E.

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The number of ATP molecules that can be hydrolyzed from given data.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 9P

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: What supplies the free energy needed to ensure unidirectional movement along the microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

B.

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The average rate of movement of kinesin along the microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

C.

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The length of each step that a kinesin takes as it moves along a microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

D.

Summary Introduction

To explain: How a kinesin molecule moves along a microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

E.

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The number of ATP molecules that can be hydrolyzed from given data.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 9P

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: What supplies the free energy needed to ensure unidirectional movement along the microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

B.

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The average rate of movement of kinesin along the microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

C.

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The length of each step that a kinesin takes as it moves along a microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

D.

Summary Introduction

To explain: How a kinesin molecule moves along a microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

E.

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The number of ATP molecules that can be hydrolyzed from given data.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 9P

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: What supplies the free energy needed to ensure unidirectional movement along the microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 9P

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: What supplies the free energy needed to ensure unidirectional movement along the microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

Answer 8

B.

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The average rate of movement of kinesin along the microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

Answer 9

B.

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The average rate of movement of kinesin along the microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

Answer 10

C.

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The length of each step that a kinesin takes as it moves along a microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

Answer 11

C.

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The length of each step that a kinesin takes as it moves along a microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

Answer 12

D.

Summary Introduction

To explain: How a kinesin molecule moves along a microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

Answer 13

D.

Summary Introduction

To explain: How a kinesin molecule moves along a microtubule.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

Answer 14

E.

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The number of ATP molecules that can be hydrolyzed from given data.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

Answer 15

E.

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The number of ATP molecules that can be hydrolyzed from given data.

Introduction: The microtubules are hollow and cylindrical in structure. They are approximately 25 nm in diameter, present in all eukaryotic cells and play crucial roles in the determination of cell shape and also in cellular motility. It is composed of with αβ-tubulin having two subunits such as α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The β-tubulin subunits are exposed at the plus ends and α-tubulin subunits are exposed at the minus ends. Kinesis and dyneins are two motor proteins that are moves along with the microtubules.

Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Answer 18

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Answer 19

Ch. 16 - Prob. 1P Ch. 16 - Prob. 2P Ch. 16 - Prob. 3P Ch. 16 - Prob. 4P Ch. 16 - Prob. 5P Ch. 16 - Prob. 6P Ch. 16 - Prob. 7P Ch. 16 - Prob. 8P Ch. 16 - Prob. 9P Ch. 16 - Prob. 10P

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